Tonys Dreams in The Sopranos Essay -- Sopranos Show TV Psychoanalysis

Tonys Dreams in The SopranosIntroTelevision has always tried to impart a uncoiled representation of the human condition. This is evident in the emergence of reality shows, shows based on true stories, and very realistic fiction. The sopranos is one of the fewer fictional shows that faithfully simulate the situations it tries to recreate. The sopranos is a show on HBO about Tony Soprano and his animation in the mob. The show, created by David chase, shows immense Freudian influence in m any(prenominal) scenes involving psychotherapy, Freudian theories, symbolism and dreams. David chase himself studied psychology in collage and admits its influence on the show. This report will deal with a series of dreams Tony soprano experiences in one episode of the show (season 2, funhouse).BackgroundTony soprano is the main character of the show. He is the boss of the soprano crime family and his life is divided into two sections. His family life and his criminal life. Even though they are mix ed, both provide a separate view of Tony soprano as a man. At home, he lives with wife Carmela, son Anthony, and daughter meadow. His family, while at times dysfunctional, manages to stick together. He constantly cheats on his wife and doesnt fell much time with his children. Meadow leaves the family to go to collage and Anthony Jr. struggles to make it through out high school. Even thought Tony shows consistent disappointment of Anthony Jr., it doesnt come close to the emotions he has toward his mother. She mistreated Tony as a child and provided nothing but bad memories. His experience with his mother might have permit him to posses a subconscious hatred for females, which he displays by only viewing them as sex objects. Tony didnt have a bad relationship with his spawn growing up, but thats because he always blamed his mother. His uncle Jr., conspired with Tonys mom to kill him after he was out of jail. This, and other events, let to theyre lack of communication. Tonys crime f amily consist of his cousin, Christopher, under bosses like Big Puss, Pauly walnuts, Silvio Dante and other business associates. This group is loyal, but never hesitate to kill any one for theyre own benefit. They treat each other with the illusion of respect and honor, which (the lack of) is the cause for many of the conflicts present in the show. Involve in the middle of all of this is his psychothe... ...f by the ducks right?. Verbal word play initiates and it eventually leads to sex. This dream shows us that the music indeed is a sexual cue. This is true because when the sexual acts start, the music gets louder and louder. Tony shows that he is able to control a lucid dream to a certain extent. The fact that he is aware of the dream shows that he is more in touch with his sub conscious then previously thought. Again, Tony is discussing Big Puss. Tony seems to realize that Big Puss is the enemy he has being comprehend about. Sixth DreamThis dreams concludes the series of dreams that define this episode. In this dream Tony is near a fish stand and talks to a fish. The fish is the same casing of fish that he eats at the Indian restaurant. The fish that talks, is talking with Big Puss voice. He confesses, that he has being ratting out the mafia to the FBI. Tony questions him and gets angry.This scene displays obvious influence by the godfather. The term sleep with the fishes is used here by a dead fish. This forshawdoes the death of Big Puss and brings the fib full circle.It is also ironic that the fish that got tony sick, gave tony the answer to solve his problem.

Martin Luther King Jr. :: Racism MLK History Historican Essays

Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr. was definitely an influential speaker and writer. He was able to flow people with his ideas and words. In his letter from the Birmingham jail he was trying to inform people of the injustices that African Americans were experiencing at this metre. His audience was mainly the clergymen of the church. Since most Americans at this time believed that African Americans were uneducated and not on the same level as white Americans, MLK had to prove otherwise. MLK did this by using strong rhetoric in his speeches and letters. both of the rhetoric styles that I feel was most effective were his use of logic and pathos. MLK knew that if he was expiry to make an impression on his audience he was going to have to bring his A game. On rapscallion 182 we see some of MLK first usage of logos. He states that he is in Birmingham because of the injustice that is occurring there. He compares this to when the prophets in the eighth century B.C. left their homes to spread the word of Christ. He also compares himself to Paul, when he carried the word of Jesus Christ to the Greco-Roman world. I feel this is big for his letter because most of his audience was clergymen, and it also shows the importance of his message and also him being there in Birmingham. On the next rogue he breaks mint the process and steps in a nonviolent campaign. MLK also does a good job of showing his emotions through pathos. He compliments his readers on page 182 by telling them that they are wise men and men of genuine good will. Another time when MLK uses pathos that stands out at me is on page 186 when he states that he has to explain to his six year old daughter that she cant attend fun world because the color of her skin. He also says Its hurts him when he can see the clouds of

The Universal Soul in The Parable of the Chariot, Katha Upanishad 3.3-3

The Universal Soul in The Parable of the Chariot, Katha Upanishad 3.3-3.12The word Atman is translated into English as soul or self. Yet Atman in Hinduism has a much richer meaning than our standard western concept of soul. For example, Atman is understood as divine and equivalent to Brahman, the ultimate reality. Each persons Atman is the same, and to each one is identical with Brahman. Therefore Atman could also be translated, Universal Soul, Eternal Soul, or All-Soul. The Katha Upanishad speaks at length about the nature of Atman, how one might attain to it and thereby attain to Brahman. Attainment to Atman is dependent on the control of those aspects of the person that are transitory and not eternal like Atman these include the body, the mind, the intellect and the senses. The parable of the chariot in the Katha Upanishad illustrates the nature of Atman by means of an allegory. According to this parable, the way to Brahman is through Atman the way to Atman is through control of the body, the senses, the mind, and the intellect. Each of these aspects of the person, including Atman itself, is likened to some part of the chariot. It is therefore shown that Atman or the soul is what gives the body purpose and life, and that control of the mind and the senses results in a knowledge of the universal soul and, likewise, ultimate reality.The parable of the chariot begins scarcely with a basic comparison between two opposite aspects of a person, body and soul (Katha Upanishad, 3.3)Know thou the soul (atman, self) as riding in a chariot, The body as the chariot.In this passage the soul is not only shown in control of the body but also protected by it and dependent on it for its interaction with the world... ...hings, That Soul (Atman, Self) shines not forth, But He is seen by subtle seers With superior, subtle intellect.The parable of the chariot shows that Atman is the supreme entity among the many part that make up the person, yet it also shows that the various parts have relationships with and dependencies on one another. Through the subordination of the many parts to Atman, we may mother to know Atman, the royal passenger in the chariot. All the aspects of the person which are not Atman (body, mind, etc.) give us the impression that we are unique individuals. Only by subordinating these things to Atman do we see otherwise. We all suffer from the illusion that we are distinct, yet when we begin to see that we all are in fact the same, whence we begin to know Atman and therefore Brahman as well.

Capital Punishment Essay - Death Penalty is Socially Sanctioned Murder :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

The Death Penalty Socially Sanctioned Murder         Capital penalisation is not actual punishment. Its a capital answer to a type of criminal act. It serves no purpose. When a person isexecuted, the person learns no lesson. He or she cannot say, Hey Ilearned my lesson. I surely wont do that again, for he or she is dead.         Although the word punishment is used in varying contexts, it isgenerally accepted that it is served out unpleasantly to an individual inhopes that that person learns from the punishment and, therefore, doesntrepeat the bad deed.         Good grief... So, why execute? The question is one of justification.It is wrong to deliberately kill another person, yet capital punishment (or cleansing) consists of doing precisely this. Cost of the Death Penalty         Capital punishment in California, as in every other state, is moreexpens ive than a breeding imprisonment sentence without the opportunity ofparole. These costs are not the result of frivolous appeals but rather theresult of Constitutionally mandated safeguards that can be summarized asfollows         Juries must be given clear guidelines on sentencing, which resultin explicit provisions for what constitutes aggravating and mitigatingcircumstances. Defendants must have a dual trial--one to certify guilt orinnocence and if guilty a second trial to determine whether or not theywould get the oddment penalty. Defendants sentenced to death are allowoversight protection in an automatic appeal to the state supreme court.         These constitutional safeguards translate into            - a more extensive jury selection cognitive operation            - a four fold increase in the number of motions filed             - a longer, dual trial process            - more investigators and expert testimony            - more lawyers specializing in death penalty litigation            - and automatic, mandatory appeals         Since there are few defendants who will plead guilty to a capitalcharge, virtually every death penalty trial becomes a jury trial with allof the above necessary requirements and expenses. In Los Angeles County,the get cost of capital punishment is $2,087,926. In Los Angeles County,the total cost of life imprisonment without possibility of parole is$1,448,935. General Studies         A study done by the Sacramento Bee argued that California wouldsave $90 one million million million per year if it were to abolish the death penalty. The fairish cost of a capital trial in Texas is $2.3 million--three times thecost to incarcerate an individual for 40 years. The average cost of acapital trial in Florida is $3.2 million. Myths and Facts Deterrence        Scientific studies have consistently failed to demonstrate thatexecutions deter people from committing crime. The respected Thorsten

Children of Heroes by Lyonel Trouillot Essay -- Literary Analysis

In todays society, ones gender is not necessarily a moving-picture show of ones sex, therefore performing ones desired gender is highly pivotal. The idea of performing is very compelling since one has to routinely execute a series of represents designated to define a wo serviceman or a man. Interestingly and clearly enough, the acts attributed to describe a woman and her womanhood varies from those acts that identify a man and his manhood. Presently, men are always expected to perform and confirm their masculinity. Men seeking to prove themselves are sometimes forced to act on the expense of others and their feelings. Other men find the need to simply controller others to again, demonstrate to society their manhood. In a novel titled Children of Heroes by Lyonel Trouillot, violent behaviors are significantly present, forcing some characters to be submissive and repressed all while the aggressor acts on emphasizing his position in the ascendent gender group. Trouillot tells the story of a Haitian family and their troubles with the head of the household named Corazn. Due to his own exposure to abuse and demasculination, Corazn, by nature, desperately felt that as man he had to somehow reestablish his own masculinity by exerting violence against his wife and children. Corazns relationship with his boss and with his mother Mam Yvonne, plus his deprivation of achieving his dreams, became the roots of Corazns desperation. His wife Josphine and his son Colin are characters Corazn uses to be able to perform, enhance and redeem his masculinity. As a young son Corazn had big dreams of becoming a boxer, fighting opponents and reaching fame. However, his father who had preferred to die as not to help him live his dream, (Trouillot 144) and ... ...ough his personal shame. Corazn did not display feelings or pity towards Josphine or Colin simply because they were weak in his perspective, making them the perfect victims. These victims elevated Corazns self- esteem, reinforced his control and power, and finally made him feel manly all over again.Works CitedTrouillot, Lyonel, and Linda Coverdale. Children of Heroes. Lincoln University of Nebraska, 2008. Print.Schrock, Douglas, and Michael Schwalbe. Men, Masculinity, and Manhood Acts. Annual Review of Sociology (2009) 284. Academic Search Complete. Web. 08 Dec. 2010. .

Children of Heroes by Lyonel Trouillot Essay -- Literary Analysis

In todays society, ones gender is not necessarily a depiction of ones sex, therefore performing ones desired gender is highly pivotal. The idea of performing is very compelling since one has to routinely execute a series of acts designated to define a wo composition or a man. Interestingly and clearly enough, the acts attributed to identify a woman and her womanhood varies from those acts that identify a man and his manhood. Presently, men are always expected to perform and confirm their masculinity. Men seeking to prove themselves are sometimes forced to act on the outgo of others and their feelings. Other men find the need to simply control others to again, demonstrate to society their manhood. In a novel titled Children of Heroes by Lyonel Trouillot, violent behaviors are significantly present, forcing some characters to be submissive and repressed all while the aggressor acts on emphasizing his position in the dominant gender group. Trouillot tells the report card of a Haiti an family and their troubles with the head of the household named Corazn. Due to his own exposure to abuse and demasculination, Corazn, by nature, desperately felt that as man he had to someways reestablish his own masculinity by exerting violence against his wife and children. Corazns relationship with his boss and with his mother Mam Yvonne, plus his lack of achieving his dreams, became the roots of Corazns desperation. His wife Josphine and his son Colin are characters Corazn uses to be able to perform, enhance and redeem his masculinity. As a young boy Corazn had great dreams of becoming a boxer, fighting opponents and reaching fame. However, his father who had preferred to die as not to help him live his dream, (Trouillot 144) and ... ...ough his personal shame. Corazn did not introduction feelings or pity towards Josphine or Colin simply because they were weak in his perspective, making them the perfect victims. These victims elevated Corazns self-esteem, reinfo rced his control and power, and finally make him feel manly all over again.Works CitedTrouillot, Lyonel, and Linda Coverdale. Children of Heroes. Lincoln University of Nebraska, 2008. Print.Schrock, Douglas, and Michael Schwalbe. Men, Masculinity, and Manhood Acts. Annual Review of Sociology (2009) 284. Academic Search Complete. Web. 08 Dec. 2010. .

Lab Report Essay

As part of my module Nip1002 I was required to cause a set of observational skills which included pulse, blood pressure sensation, respirations, hand process and urinalysis and then compare them to previous results. In this lab report I am going to discuss blood pressure in detail.Procedure* Explain the procedure to the affected role and gain consent * Wash hands soundly following the hand wash technique to prevent the transfer of bacteria * Clean equipment e.g. blood pressure cuff and stethoscope using antibacterial wipes * Ensure the patient is comfortable and has been resting for 10 minutes * Remove tight clothing and support the arm at heart level, overestimation or underestimation can get if it is not at the appropriate level * Ensure you have the correct cuff size for the patient or this could give an inaccurate reading * range the brachial artery and apply the cuff* Estimate the systolic pressure by using the radial pulse and inflate the cuff until the pulse cannot be f elt. This is important to provide an estimation and avoids error in reading. * To take the patients blood pressure use a stethoscope and place on the brachial artery pulse and inflate 20-30 mmHg higher than the estimated systolic pulse * Immediately release the pressure using the thumb valve at approximately 2mmHg per second. If it is deflated besides rapidly you may not hear the sounds accurately * The systolic pressure is the level when clear tapping sounds first appear and the diastolic pressure is the level when the sounds run * Record the measurements on an observation chart and compare the previous results as this will allow changes in the patients condition to be monitored suitably (see appendix 3) * Remove the cuff and explain the reading to the patient* Clean all equipment and wash hands again to prevent cross infection (Glasper, Richardson McEwing, 2009, p.168 & 169) newsThe heart is located in the centre of the chest and is protected by the rib cage. The heart receive s oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins. It then goes to the left field atrium, to the left ventricle, to the ascending aorta and is pumped around the body. The superior and inferior vena cava delivers de-oxygenated blood to the compensate atrium from the body. (See appendix 1) It then goes to the right ventricle, pumps through to the pulmonary trunk to the right and left arteries and then to the lungs. (Tortora and Derrickson, 2011, Chapter20) Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood on the walls of blood vessels and this should be at a certain level to manipulate that the body is functioning correctly. Blood pressure varies from person to person but the normal reading for a healthy adult is around 120/80. (BPA 2008) The lapse number is called systolic blood pressure and is the highest pressure attained in arteries during systole.The bottom number is called diastolic blood pressure and is the lowest arterial pressure attained during diastole. (Torto ra and Derrickson, 2011, p.814) The blood pressure reading that I got on my patient was 120/90 this was slightly higher from the previous readings which were 90/50 and 90/60. Although this reading is slightly high I would not consider it to be a case of hypertension. Hypertension is when your blood pressure readings consistently show readings of cxl/90 mmHg. (NHS, 2010) A persons chances of having hypertension are raised due to a number of factors age, weight, family history and diet. Hypertension creates a higher risk of heart attacks and strokes. ((Glasper, Richardson McEwing, 2009, p.170) musingI am going to use Gibbs (Glasper Richardson, 2011, p.xix) reflective cycle (see appendix 2) to analyse my reflection. I did a set of observations which included pulse, respirations, blood pressure, hand washing and urinalysis. When I was doing the observations I was very nervous and I was aware that I was being evaluated which made me feel stressed. Overall I think I did soundly in the e xam because I remembered all the steps and got it done in the time limit. I felt I could have done better if I wasnt as nervous, as I feel this affected my skills technique. Looking back on the exam I think I was lacking in communication skills as I did not talk to the patient enough. In conclusion it is important that all vital signs are monitored as this can be one of the first indications that a patient is deteriorating. Blood pressure is one of the most important physiological measurements used to diagnose a patients condition.ReferencesBPA (2008) what is normal blood pressure? online. BPA. Available from http//www.bloodpressureuk.org/BloodPressureandyou/Thebasics/Whatisnormal Accessed 27th July 2012 Glasper, A. Mcewing, G. and Richardson, J., (2009). Introduction in Glasper, A, Mcewing G, and Richardson., Foundation studies for caring. Palgrave McMillan, pxix Glasper, A. Mcewing, G. and Richardson, J., (2009). skills for physiological assessment in Glasper, A, Mcewing G, and Ri chardson., Foundation skills for caring. Palgrave McMillan, p168 & p169 Glasper, A. Mcewing, G. and Richardson, J., (2009). skills for physiological assessment in Glasper, A, Mcewing G, and Richardson., Foundation skills for caring. Palgrave McMillan, p170 NHS (2011) High blood pressure hypertension. online. NHS. Available from http//www.nhs.uk/conditions/Blood-pressure-(high)/Pages/Introduction.aspx Accessed 5th of August 2012) Tortora, G, and Derrickson, B,. (2011). The cardiovascular system Blood vessels and hemodynamics. In Tortora, G and Derrickson, B., Principles of Anatomy and Physiology Maintenance and persistence of the human body (13th edit) Wiley. p814. Tortora, G, and Derrickson, B,. (2011). The cardiovascular system The Heart. In Tortora, G and Derrickson, B., Principles of Anatomy and Physiology Maintenance and continuity of the human body (13th edit) Wiley. Chapter 20. Appendix 1

Numerous genetic and environmental factors contribute

Oldest sisters or baby brothers atomic number 18 more than simple labels on the family tree. Psychologists say that giving abide enact affects all aspects of a childs personality. extraditeing order is defined as a persons rank by age among his or her brothers and sisters. A great deal of research has been devoted to the phenomena of birth order and how it impacts children within a family. Many differences in the behavior of siblings make been attributed to birth order.Such differences range from general expressions of achievement to more specific behaviors including run awayencies toward entrepreneurship, attainment of higher(prenominal) education and eminent occupational status, endorsement of unconventional ideas, and leadership of scientific revolutions, to name only a few. (Claxton, 1994) birth order is not alone in the development of childrens personality traits. Numerous genetic and environmental factors contribute to differences among siblings.The different socializ ing patterns that children experience, based on birth order, roll in the hay result in oert personality and behavior trait differences between firstborns and subsequent-borns. (Claxton, 1994) Studies have related birth order to personality, intelligence, and vocational tendencies. Firstborns tend to be socialized by adults, where later-borns, have progressively more opportunity to be exposed to the socializing influences of older siblings. Adult-socialized firstborns are some(prenominal)times assumed to be more achievement oriented.Later-borns, experiencing a greater proportion of socialization are often characterized as more popular, more accepting of risk, and more independent of authority than firstborns. Such socialization differentials suggest soft differences between firstborns and later-borns in terms of behavioral and personality characteristics. (Claxton, 1994) Firstborns have a greater tendency than later-borns to be conformist and oriented toward authority and respons ibility. As a special type of firstborn, only children tend to be highly motivated, self-confident, and achievement oriented.Only children are believed to be more accustomed to dealing with adults than are other birth positions. In contrast to firstborns, middle-borns have been generally described in terms of relatively greater orientation toward peers, group cooperation, and other social activities. The middle birth positions are often considered the most difficult, in part because middle-borns may nonplus less individual attention from parents. (Seff, 1993) Middle children may compensate by exploitation many non-parental relationships.Middle-borns often have excellent people skills and are good listeners, mediators, and negotiators, perhaps because they must navigate through a world of siblings who are both(prenominal) older and younger. A familys last born child is often believed to be favored by parents. Last-borns have been characterized as being especially vivacious and fu n. (Claxton, 1994) Children in different ordinal positions experience different socialization environments. Interaction with both parents and other siblings is affected by ones position in the sibling order.Firstborns tend to receive more parental attention, in terms of both support and control. They are in addition more likely to be given responsibility and control over younger siblings and to have higher expectations associated with their bear performance. Children who report that they spent time teaching younger siblings had higher levels of reading and language achievement themselves. Such socialization experiences are the basis for the expectation or the perception that firstborns are more dependable, responsible, cautious, conservative, and have higher achievement motivation than later born children. (Parrot, 1992)The distinctive sign of the position of younger children in the birth order is that they are subject to more child-level interaction and are typically subordinate to the oldest child. Younger children (with the possible exclusion of the last born) receive less attention from parents, less encouragement, less responsibility, and lower expectations and have a harder time carving out a distinct turning point for themselves in the family system. These tendencies are, of course, attenuated by a number of factors, including the number of siblings, the sex composition of the sibling order, and the spacing between positions.(Carter, et. al. , 2002) Firstborns may become conservative in their outlooks. Later-born children develop strategies of survival that may entail risk-taking and daring behavior. These differences in competitive strategies can generate personality differences across birth orders, and have lifelong implications. (Carter, et. al. , 2002) character of the unique family environment is birth order. Although genetically related, siblings differ in age, experience, and in reproductive value to their parents. Differences between sibli ngs growing up together can be magnified by contrast effects.First-borns tend to be more extraverted and conscientious but less emotionally stable, agreeable, or open than are later-borns. (Revelle, 1995) somewhat variables are believed to affect the above descriptions. For instance, if there are several years between the first and turn child, the second child impart have some characteristics of a firstborn. Or, if the firstborn is a girl and the second a boy, the son will have some first-born characteristics because he is the familys first manful offspring. Further, if there are more than four years between siblings, the next born experiences on the traits of the oldest or first born.cognate deaths, adoptions and blended families can also upset the traditional birth order. (Revelle, 1995) Studies have shown that while first-borns males may be more creative, the opposite is true for females, with later-borns being the highest in creativity. Test scores demonstrate that the high est creativity are give among first born males and later born females. According to Eisenman, it may be that first-born males receive greater intellectual stimulation in their family and this predisposes them to be high in achievement and creativity.While the first-born female may receive the same sort of intellectual stimulation, she may be restricted by both her birth order and gender. It is believed that that parents tend to be more restrictive toward their first child, and toward females in general. The first-born female may be exposed to a higher level of parental anxiety and also more restrictive parenting styles, because of being female. This is thought to inhibit creativity in first-born females and reduce the risk taking behavior often associated with creativity.The first born male would also be inhibited somewhat by the overly strong parental concern, but overcomes this as far as creativity is concerned, perhaps delinquent to the greater intellectual emphasis the first b orn male gets, as a child having only adult companionship in the family, until the birth of the second child. (Boling, et. al. , 1993) Parents may be more aggressive with their approach to the first male child to achieve intellectually and academically. The first-born female seems to be over-socialized by parents, in reply to their fear for the welfare of the female child.As a family grows, parents typically loosen up some of their controls, on both male and female children. The first-born female learns responsibility, usually in socially typical roles, having to care for her younger siblings. She may achieve well in intellectual and academic pursuits. But, the over-socialization may make her less likely than later born females to take risk, and thus may decrease creativity in the first-born female. (Eisenman, 2001) Birth order has been shown to have an effect on vocational tendencies as well.Firstborns are shown to that require mechanical, technical, clerical or business system c ompetencies, or toward positions that require leadership or persuasive skills. They may value economic and political achievement, their own as well as that of others. Firstborns are less likely to seek occupations which promote artistic, musical, dramatic, and literary interests, or involve a high degree of humanity and social relations activities. The later-borns gravitate towards vocation that are investigative, social, and artistic.They would gravitate toward occupations that would utilize their scientific and mathematical abilities, promote their artistic, musical, dramatic, or literary interests, or involve interpersonal and human relations activities. Further, they are less apt to value political and economic achievements and more apt to value scientific, social, and artistic achievements. (Lynch, 1980) Kevin Leman, author of The New Birth Order, notes in his book that 23 of Americas 41 presidents were first-born or functional first-born, meaning the first male child.So wer e 21 of the first 23 astronauts the United States sent into musculus quadriceps femoris (the other two were only children). A much greater proportion of first-born end up in professions such as science, medicine and law, occupations that require uninflected skills and hard-driving personalities. He also notes that an unusual number of comedians such as Billy Crystal, Eddie Murphy, Drew Carey, Martin Short, Jim Carrey and Leslie Nielsen are babies of their families, funny people who got away with murder as kids, he says. (Stewart, 1999) There are some theorists who propose that as families have gotten smaller, test scoreshave risen, because the intellect is higher. SAT scores will continue to rise for the rest of the century. When todays 4-year-olds take the SAT 14 years from now, the average score will be even higher than it was in 1963 when the 40-point decline began. But then scores will probably begin to drop again. You see, after 1980, the birth rate began to rise and family size seems to be increasing. (Hall, 1986) This belief is based upon confluence theory, proposing that because the intellectual development of a family is like a river with the inputs of each family memberflowing into it. Tests, which indicate intelligence, are dependent heavily on verbal ability. Then imagine the intellectual environment as providing a pool of words to the growing child. Adults contribute a large vocabulary to the pool and babies contribute nothing. The pool of words surrounding the only child at age 5 is different from the pool surrounding the second-born child of the same age who has a 7-year-old sibling. As families get larger, childrens intellectual development suffers, and the effect is accentuated by birth order, the more older siblings aperson has, the lower his or her intellectual level because of the decrease within the family intellectual environment. (Hall, 1986) There are many additional factors that can influence intelligence. If there are higher numb ers of adults present in a childs daily life, as in an extended family, this may have an impact on verbal ability as well. Works Cited Claxton, R. P. (1994). Empirical Relationships between Birth Order and Two Types of Parental Feedback. The Psychological Record, 44(4), 475+. Retrieved November 29, 2006, from Questia database http//questia. com/PM. qst?a=o&d=5001709131 Hall, E. (1986, February). Mining New Gold from Old Research He Reworks Past Discoveries, Looking for Basic Behavioral Processes That Are as essential as Biological Processes. Psychology Today, 20, 46+. Retrieved December 11, 2006, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5001684098 Parrott, L. (1992). Earliest Recollections and Birth Order Two Adlerian Exercises. Teaching of Psychology, 19(1), 40-42. Retrieved November 29, 2006, from Questia database http//questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=77521729 Revelle, W. (1995). Personality Processes. 295+.Retrieved November 29, 2006, from Questia database http// questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5000271333 Seff, M. A. , Gecas, V. , & Frey, J. H. (1993). Birth Order, Self-Concept, and Participation in Dangerous Sports. Journal of Psychology, 127(2), 221-232. Retrieved November 29, 2006, from Questia database http//questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=76932964 Steelman, L. C. , Powell, B. , Werum, R. , & Carter, S. (2002). Reconsidering the Effects of Sibling Configuration Recent Advances and Challenges. 243+. Retrieved November 29, 2006, from Questia database http//questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5000598111Stewart, M. (1999, December 7). Order of Birth Are Our Children Predestined to Be Serious First-Borns, Loyal Middles and Affectionate Babies. The chapiter Times, p. 1. Retrieved December 11, 2006, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5001846400 Boling, S. E. , Boling, J. L. , & Eisenman, R. (1993). Creativity and Birth Order/sex Differences in Children. Education, 114(2), 224+. Retrieved December 11, 2006, from Questia database http/ /www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5000254689 Eisenman, R. (2001). Creativity, Risk taking Sex Differences, and Birth Order.189+. Retrieved December 11, 2006, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5000944906 Lynch, R. M. , & Lynch, J. (1980). Birth Order and Vocational Preference. Journal of Experimental Education, 49(1), 15-18. Retrieved December 11, 2006, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=95189117 Newman, J. , Pettinger, J. , & Evan, J. B. (1995). My Big Sister the Town Supervisor Family Leadership Training Is Not Just for Boys. Sex Roles A Journal of Research, 33(1-2), 121+. Retrieved December 11, 2006, from Questia database

The Long Term Impact of Staff Reduction on Surviving Staff: Starbucks Experience

Research AimsStaff reductions are often take as start up of the restructuring of an organisation, or as a response to economic conditions. However, the charge of the research here is to see to it at the long term and whether this type of lag reduction has an continue on the staff that remain, rather than charge on those that leave. It is argued, at the outset, that the remaining members of staff are often overlooked, as they are perceived to be the lucky atomic number 53s. nonwithstanding this, the basis of the research is that at that place depart be some(prenominal) a psychological and practical push on those remaining staff and these issues needs to be considered with much greater tenseness by the forethought group when looking at this type of restructuring. The aim is to provide a much greater ascertaining, by looking at Starbucks as an example, so that the centering team is in a better position to deal with these types of situations in the future (Ferrie et al., 2001)ObjectivesIn order to achieve this aim and to look at the broader issues associated with staff pitions, it is recognised that thither will need to be several focussed objectives. Staff responses are by their very nature divergence to vary, depending on a variety of subjective factors and by being clear with the objectives this will ensure that the overall aim remains the focus of the research throughout. The appoint objectives are as followsTo gain an mind of the initial redundancy or downsizing passage, including the invasion of the various selection processes for example, the long-term meeting is likely to be different where the redundancy is voluntary and thus understanding the involvement of those staff retained in the process is the first step to understanding the reactions.To understand the scholarship of individuals, depending on their role within the downsizing process this recognises that there are multiple staff being impacted on when some are make redu ndant as well as the retained staff. These include the staff members who were not involved in the process, in the first place, as well as the managers, to make the ultimate decision. To appreciate the psychological reactions and individual perceptions of those staff members who remain within the organisation, depending on the way in which this process is managed for example, is there a deflexion between staff who are engaged with post-redundancy, or does it generally seem preferable to return to a air as usual mentality (Armstrong-Stassen, 1993) Finally, the impact on the performance of the business over a longer time horizon will wherefore be considered, looking at the quick aftermath, as well as six months or even one year down the line, with potential reference to the ways in which staff members then react when the recovery process takes place. For example, it is potentially suggested in the literature that staff lack loyalty to the organisation and when general economic cond itions improve may be to a greater extent likely to look for alternative practice, as a pass of the treatment they received during the recessionary period. Research Questions Two key questions emerge from this proposed researchWhich factors impact on and to what extent do they impact on the remaining employees, following a period of downsizing or redundancy How can a management team look to mitigate the negative effects of downsizing and redundancy Critical inspection of the Literature The literature in this area has already dealt with a variety of factors relating to redundancy and the impact on an organisation, but has not looked specifically at the longer term impact on the retained staff and the wider staff groups that may not mystify been directly linked to the restructuring and decision making.Firstly, it is noted that research in this area recognises that staff members will typically understand that there are often periods where it is necessary to downsize or restructure, to such an extent that there will be involuntary redundancies. Klein (2009) states that, although staff will recognise this need, there is instanter in like manner a recognition that the business managers are making decisions with the staff in mind, but are instead looking specifically at the immediate business demands. This shows lack of long term recognition of business sustainability, when it comes to retaining staff loyalty.Research by Machlowitz (1983) looked at the emotions of the individuals, following on from a redundancy situation where they were survivors. This looked at the immediate aftermath, from an individual perspective, finding that individuals typically matte emotions of guilt or isolation, as well as a feeling of betrayal, where they felt that the process had not been undertaken all in all fairly. Research from Brockner et al. (1985) looked at a laboratory experiment where students were subject to lay offs, finding that feelings of ine character reference were emerging and a sense of disgruntlement happened where it was felt that the relationship between the individuals was in some way unfair. This indicates that where there is a redundancy situation, the vitally important aspect to consider is the process of the downsizing, rather than the actual downsizing itself. Anxiety also ranked as a driving factor, as there was the concern that others would be made redundant, in the future. These perceptions and fears potentially result in efficiency within the organisation reducing and the staff then being more prepared to look towards other locations for their long term employment (Hughes, 2000).The longer term impact of staff reduction and downsizing remains largely unexamined and the purpose of this base is to look at how these activities can have an impact on the longer term operation within the business, by understanding the way in which the surviving individuals react (Cascio,1993). Further research is also required to ensure that the ma nagement team understands the impact of the way they handle a downsizing process and that this can have a direct and lasting impact on the success of the business, in the long run.Industry background In order to explore this issue in more detail and to create a relevant abbreviation, Starbucks is being looked at as a case study. Starbucks presents an interesting opportunity for analysis, as it has risen very rapidly from its first store which unfastened in 1971 to an organisation that has stores in nearly 21,000 locations across the world. Despite this, during the last ten years, the store has actually reduced its numbers, in the wake of the global monetary crisis and lowering profits (Jennings, 2008).Starbucks was not seemingly on the brink of disaster and in fact continued to aerofoil up other stores across the world, yet chose to close 600 stores across the United States, creating an interesting question as to how it impacted upon staff members where there were reports of a globally successful organisation that was still experiencing redundancies in their local area.Arguably, the reason for the downsizing in the United States was the recognition that they had achieve the maximum growth available within the industry and they simply had too many another(prenominal) stores. Takeaway coffee is largely a luxury product, with a limited number of affluent individuals able to partake on a regular basis. Despite Starbucks being a popular location for individuals and being recognised as an outlet in which individuals can choose to spend a large count of time working or meeting friends, there are some limits to the number of customers who are prepared to pay premium price for good quality beverages.With an industry essentially at saturation point, there needs to be a readjustment of strategy, yet there is likely to be a reaction from the employees who feel somewhat jilted having been involved in the dramatic growth and now suffering from their own success and hard work. This type of reduction is therefore particularly interesting, as it is a reaction within the industry, rather than something which can necessarily be attributed to the staff members themselves.Research design The research design for this paper is particularly important, as it involves looking at the feelings and reactions of individuals, thus making it a different type of research than simply collecting statistical data and then analysing this in a quantitative manner. In order to look at the reactions of individuals to a downsizing scenario, it is necessary to consider a sufficiently broad get of individuals, to gain any material understanding of exactly what is actually going on and the way in which individuals react. Different individuals will naturally react other than to a downsizing scenario. Certain individuals may even view this as an opportunity to further their own position, as there will be little competition within the organisation when it comes to securing their future others will be much less positive, despite both individuals being part of the same process (Vahtera et al., 1997).For this reason, the simple method of research will be a detailed case study of precisely what is happening within the organisation. This will include an understanding of the management theory behind the downsizing, before then going on to undertake a relatively detailed questionnaire with individuals from a variety of different locations, all of whom have been affected by the downsizing in some way, as well as completing at least two focus groups where individuals are brought unitedly to discuss their experiences. This form of research is particularly important in this scenario, due to the fact that when individuals are left to openly discuss their thoughts and feelings, it is likely that they will open up and produce a much deeper understanding of their reactions (Weca, 2008). Data Analysis Plan Due to the qualitative nature of the research planned, the necessary data analysis also needs to be sufficiently open to looking at individual reactions and trying to find consistency of patterns of behaviours or thoughts. For this reason, the questionnaires will involve a quantitative analysis of the results, which will offer an understanding of any patterns being formed, before then looking towards the qualitative aspect of the research, in order to understand why certain responses have been obtained. By taking this two-stage approach, it is anticipated that the overall conclusions will have sufficient certainty, based on the quantitative analysis and will also be able to add to the understanding, through the use of individual thoughts and responses. A particular concern does arise, however, that there will be some limitations in the accuracy of the research. Firstly, the research focuses on survivors within a certain location or organisation and there may be an unwillingness of the individuals to be completely open about their thoughts and feelings, for fear of jeopardising their own position in the future. There are also likely to be limitations, due to the fact that this research is think on one organisation alone and downsizing may have different responses in different organisations (Stone, 2008).By ensuring that any results obtained are dealt with anonymously, this will suffice in some way to ensure greater accuracy. Nevertheless, there will always be the need to recognise that interviewing survivors of a redundancy process is potentially a skewed approach and some individuals are going to present an inaccurate picture, purely to further their own position, or at least to nourish it. On balance, however, this overall analysis is likely to present the most balanced result and also establish some themes and generalisations which will be useful for the future.decisivenessIn conclusion, understanding the impact of a downsizing programme on surviving staff members is crucial to the approach taken by the manageme nt team and any such situations in the future, either within the same organisation or for management teams of other organisations (Schwaner-Albright, 2008). Personal reactions to a situation can be somewhat difficult to appreciate and understand, due to the fact that individuals, by their very nature, will react differently to exactly the same factual scenario. The aim of this research, is to attain themes and generic strategies that may be useful to those looking at downsizing in the future, in order to ensure that surviving members of staff do not suffer from the negative effect of the redundancies and that the organisation is able to return to full efficiency, as soon as possible.Time-scale for Project This research is being undertaken over one academic year, although the plan is to undertake a full research and write-up within eight months. The following chart depicts the general approach that is being followed. 12345678 Background, Aims and Objectives Literature Review Researc h Design Research Collection Analysis of Research Writing Up Revisiting and CheckingThe majority of this research will involve the collection of primary data and the analysis of the research findings that have then been collected. It is anticipated that there will need to be several re-visits to the original data, as new information or themes arise. For example, analysing questionnaires will provide a strong starting point for the focus groups, but following the focus groups, it may then be necessary to go back to the questionnaires to further explore certain key issues. It is for this reason that the research collection and analysis of research findings takes up such a substantial part of the time allowed.There is a degree of flexibility in this process and the research will be sufficiently flexible to ensure that the key points arising from both the case study, conducted as part of the literature review and the research collection, is able to take a longer period of time, if requi red.ResourcesAs noted previously, the research is concentrate entirely on the experience of individuals within one organisation. Therefore, good access to those individuals will be an essential element of ensuring that this research is conducted in sufficient depth. It is also noted at the outset that one of the main aims of this research is to provide the management team with guidance as to how it can better manage a downsizing operation in the future and therefore having management support in order to gain access to key individuals is a necessary resource.Secondly, understanding the responses received and looking at existing literature will also require access to a variety of different publications, although this can largely be obtained through library facilities.On balance, the key resource within this research is the ability to speak to a variety of individuals who have survived the downsizing process in Starbucks. This will require the management team to be completely supporti ve of the overall agenda. Individuals may be reluctant to speak about the subject or do not feel that the management team is supportive of this. No specific software is required for the analysis, although Microsoft Office suite including Excel will be useful, in order to collate the information received. References Armstrong-Stassen, M. (1993). Survivors reactions to a workforce reduction A comparison of blue-collar workers and their supervisors. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 10 334-343.Cascio, W. F. (1993). downsizing What do we knowWhat have we learnedAcademy of Management Executive, 7 95-106.Ferrie, J. E., Shipley, M. J., Marmot, M. G., Martikainen, P., Stansfield, S. A., & Smith, G. D. (2001). Job insecurity in white-collar workers Toward an explanation of associations with health. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 6 26-42.Hughes, J. (2000). Avoidance of aroused pain during downsizing in a public agency. Consulting Psychology Journal Practice and Resear ch, 52 256-268.Jennings, L. (2008). Starbucks to pull breakfast items, shut 100 units, put focus back on java. Nations Restaurant News. Online Version published 11th February 2008, reproduced in bnet.com, available from http//findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3190/is_6_42/ai_n24267543 Accessed 12/11/2014.Kivimaki, M., Vahtera, J., Pentti, J., & Ferrie, J. (2000). Factors underlying the effectsof organisational downsizing on health of employees Longitudinal cohort study.British Medical Journal, 320 971-976.Schwaner-Albright, O., (2008). Tasting the future of Starbucks coffee from a new machine. The New York Times. Online Version. Published skirt 26th 2008, available from http//www.nytimes.com/03/26/dining/26starbucks.html?_r?=2&sq=starbucks&st=nyt&oref=slogin Accessed 12/11/2014.Stone, B. (2008). Starbucks Plans Return to its Roots. The New York Times, Online Version, published March 20th 2008, available from http//www.nytimes.com/2008/03/20/business/20sbux.html?pagewanted=2&_r=1&sq=s tarbucks&st=nyt&scp=3 Accessed 12/11/2014.Vahtera, J., Kivimaki, M., & Pentti, J. (1997). Effect of organizational downsizing onhealth of employees. The Lancet, 350 1124-1128.Weca (2008). Pay more/ stop reliance on Tips. Mystarbucksidea.com. Posted May 23rd 2008, available from http//mystarbucksidea.force.com/ideaView?id=087500000004hShAAIAccessed 12/11/2014.

Spirit of Adoption vs. Orphan Spirit

Spirit of word sense vs. Orphan Spirit Human Needs* Safety Un specifyal lie with Affirmation Purpose Frost, Jack and Trisha, Shiloh send off Ministries Orphan Orphan Biblical definition Comfortless one Living as orphans or comfortless ones is living with unresolved unmet needs either without a family, or in the midst of a family system. This can be seen in our anxiety levels, and by the unwellnessy roles we take on to try and be accepted, loved, and meet in our own families. There be over 200,000 orphans in the world today The effect of physical Orphanhood in children Vulnerability to confusion, anxiety, depression, and behavioral/psychiatric disorders Failure to thrive and actual physical growth stunted Johnson et al. , (2011) Perceived lack of control leading to feeling of helplessness Ongoing inner thirstiness and hope for love and sense of belonging Pleasure connected to life, love, joy and happiness is numbed Dr. Judith Arndell, Psy. D. Lack of Identity Identity Where doe s personal identity come from In the universe Occupation Economic Status Sexual Disease Religion Activity Victim Physical Family Role Past Illness Material thingsJust as children with oblivious genetic fathers have identity issues, (Terwogt et al. , 2002) so depart we without the truth from our heavenly Father about who we are. In the Family of God For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, these are the sons of God. For you did not receive the spirit of bondage again to fear, but you received the Spirit of adoption by whom we song out, Abba Father Romans 814-16 God The Perfect Parent In Him, we are adopted and can have our needs met John 1415-18 I will not leave you as orphans, but 1415will send the Holy Spirit (The Comforter) to be with ou and in you. Hosea 143 In you the orphan finds mercy psalm 685-6 A father to the fatherless, a 685defender of widows, is God in His holy dwelling. God sets the lonely in families ADOPTION Huiothesia (Greek) the place and condition of a son given to one to whom it does not naturally belong To place as sons. Adoption Legal Permanent Change of name and identity Adoption in the Bible Mephibosheth David brought him into his own family and treated him as a son 2 Sam 91-13 Esther Adopted and raised by her uncle Esther 27 Moses Adopted by Pharaohs Daughter in EgyptExodus 2 Adoption begins with sledding Matt. 1039 The person who tries to preserve his life will misplace it, but the person who loses his life for me will preserve it. John 1224 Truly, truly, I say to you, unless a grain of wheat falls into the estate and dies, it remains alone but if it dies, it bears much fruit. Luke 923-24 For whosoever will indite his life shall lose it but whosoever will lose his life for my sake, the same shall save it. But Offers unseasoned Life 2 Tim 211 I rely on this saying If we died with Him we shall also live with Him. Levels of adoptees acceptance deliberate of adoption determines outcome (Borders et al. , 2007) No ac knowledgement Denial No truth or healing Acknowledgement with questions Questioning Missing something Focus on Loss Angry Stuck in resentment Aware of both Loss and Gain Processing Moving Forward Peace Focus on Gain New Life LIFE Orphan Son Image of God See God as Loving Father Independent/Self-reliant Dependency mutually beneficial Orphan Spirit Live by Law Theology Live by Love Insecure/ Lacks Peace Security Rest and Peace Strives for parts acceptance Need for Approval Accepted in Gods love and grace No Motivation or need to impressMotive for profit Service motivated by gratitude and love Self-rejection Counterfeit affections addiction, escapism Competition Distrustful Self-Image Source of Comfort Relationships visible horizon of Authority Accusation and Exposure View of Others Faults Guarded and Conditional Expression of Love Conditional and Distant Bondage Servant/Slave Sense of Gods front line Condition Position Positive and affirmed Resting in the Fathers Love/ Holy Spiri t Humility and Unity Respectful Honoring Love Covers Open, patient, affectionate, self-less, kind Close and Intimate Spirit of Adoption See God as MasterLiberty Son-ship Recognition for something Vision Receiving and Giving the Love of the Father Fight or Give up Future HOPE Frost, Jack and Trisha Shiloh Place Ministries Living as sons and daughters Now you are no longer a striver but Gods own child. And since you are his child, God has made you his heir. Galatians 47 He predestined us to be adopted as his sons by delivery boy Christ, in accordance with his pleasure and will- Romans 122 Helpful Steps to Living Loved Allow time to Grieve/Be Real Psalm 628 Trust in him at all times, O people pour out your hearts to him, for God is our refuge.View Adoption as trustworthy (Borders, et al. , 2007) Ephesians 15 He predestined us to be adopted as his sons through Jesus Christ, in accordance with his pleasure and will reclaim our Minds according to the Word Romans 122 Do not conform an y longer to the pattern of this world, but be transformed by the restorative of your mind Recognize and Resource The Family of God Eph. 416 From him the whole body, joined and held together by every supporting ligament, grows and builds itself up in love, as each part does its work. Acknowledge Gods truth, and have grace for process Adopted into the Family Of God built up in Love twain spirituality and surrounding relationships are orientating and motivating (Pargament, 2003) Participation in Church and its relational support system is protective of physical and mental health (Pargament, 2003) Forgiveness Grace Love Mercy For this reason I bow my knees before the Father, from whom every family in heaven and on earth is named (ESV) Ephesians 314-15 You also, kindred living stones, are being built into a spiritual house to be a holy priesthood, offering spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ. 1 Peter 25 (NIV) References . 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Passmore, Nola L. (200 4) Adoption and the Father Heart of God helping adoptees deal with Issues of identity and loss. Journal of Psychology and Christianity, 23 (2). pp. 165-175. ISSN 0733-4273 Pargament, Kenneth, L. (2003). Advances in the Conceptualization and Measurement of Religion and Spirituality Implications for physical and mental health research. American Psychological Association, 58 (1). 6474. doi 10. 1037/1941-1022. S. 1. 3. Penny, J. , Borders, L. , & Portnoy, F. (2007). Reconstruction of Adoption Issues Delineation of Five Phases Among Adult Adoptees.Journal Of Counseling & Development, 85(1), 30-41. Frost, Jack and Trisha, Shiloh Place Ministries. www. shilohplace. org Johnson, D. E. , & Gunnar, M. R. (2011). IV. GROWTH FAILURE IN INSTITUTIONALIZED CHILDREN. Monographs Of The Society For Research In tiddler Development, 76(4), 92-126. doi10. 1111/j. 1540-5834. 2011. 00629. Mark Meerum Terwogt, Caroline J. Meerum Terwogt-Reijnders, Suus M. J. van Hekkenn (2002). Identity problems related t o absent genetic father http//www. zeitschrift-fuer-familienforschung. de/pdf/2002-3-terwogt. pdf

Police, Civil Liability and the Law Essay

At the onset of the 20th century, righteousness of nature work bathroom best be described as very authoritative and guard forcemen or law performrs were themselves considered the law. Criminality was low principally because of the relatively stable economy and the macrocosm density in cities and urban centers were a hundred time, or even more than, than like a shot. As symbol of authority, the police was then looked up to by the citizenry with cracking respect and even with admiration. Through the years, the unrestricted image of the policeman is suspect.In truth city police departments today already employ spokesmen or public relations officers to check off the respectability of the service is protected and preserved. The changes in the concept of police work tremendously changed over the last century, or to be more specific the 25 years. The situation was brought about by the growing public conscious on human rights which is guaranteed no less by the United Nations. pl ot of land before police training was focused on proper handling of firearms and marksmanships, work rules and regulations, todays police officer should be conscious of every(prenominal) persons human rights.Otherwise he or she may end up in court being sued for urbane liability or damages. Changing Concept on the Police Over the years the police service has underwent any(prenominal) sort of an evolution. From a strong image of authority, the police has to some extent been compelled to accept the fact that their functions or source of power emanates from the taxpayers who wanted them to be their protectors instead of oppressors. The situation is quite complex. enchantment they guide the mandate to enforce or implement the laws, the police ar being restricted by a string of guidelines better known in their lingo as the rules of engagement.They bugger off to comply with the rules in the performance of their duties because failure to do so could mean suspension or worse dismis sal from the service. Unlike before when for instance, a traffic police officer can simply issue a citation ticket to a motorist who violated a traffic law todays system places the supposed violator on a position of strength. He or she can write on the citation ticket the row under protest to signify the intention to question the actuation of the traffic officer for flagging him or her for a supposed violation.The situation for policemen whose duties are to harmonize after criminal elements or members of the underworld is even more difficult. Unlike before when they would simply pick up a suspected person and have him or her placed under interrogation or tactical questioning, todays detective or police intelligence officer need to eldest gather substantial proofs or incontrovertible eyewitness accounts in order to be able to apply for a warrant of arrest from the court. Down for a supposed violation Because of the complex nature in todays justice system, police work now requires them to be conscious of the civil or human rights of every citizen.Additionally, they also need to be more aware of the rules of court or run the risk of being rebuffed or they cases they brought up for prosecution or litigation may end up dismissed for either insufficiency of evidence or non-compliance to the rules in effecting or carrying out arrests and raids. The preponderance of sedulousness in the performances of police duties and responsibilities in the enforcement of the laws is so emphasized that police officers are restricted from conducting investigations or questioning without the presence of the suspects preferred or lawyer of his or her choice.Civil Liability of Abusive Members of the Police Department Todays police officers are made by law conceivable for their actuations as a result of an alarming pattern of abuse they commit in the process of dispensing their duties. Perhaps because of media attention or coverage on police work, abuses have eventually been docum ented or difficult to deny as far as the police officer is concern. Every now and then, the public would compute on television brutal police handling of suspected offenders. The abuses have become so frequent that the time has now come where victims of police abuse have to get back at them by suing for civil liability or damages.Perhaps, as society experiences new trends in law enforcement more laws to ensure that the power or authority vested in police officers are only used for the public good and not make the police as a threat to society itself. By making them civilly liable for high handedness in the performance of the laws, police officers depart be kept on their toes. Guide to Civil Liability In view of the above positions, it is notable to discuss a book manual for police officers to consider in the performances of their duties and in relation to their civil liability and the law.In a book entitled The Police Officers Guide to Civil Liability, Franklin (1993) emphasized th e need for law enforcers, police officers in particular, to adhere to a standard guide to enable them to abide by their principles and at the same time uphold the concept of civil liability. Franklin noted that due to the increased number of court cases hurled against police officers, there is also a mounting need to teach these law enforcers on the dynamics of civil law. This is because such training or learning should be innate among police officers and within their profession and in order for them to survive the field (Franklin, 1993).While the required knowledge on civil liability totally varies from their abilities and expertise which are essential to be alive in a fatal hit incident, having proficiency about civil law may avert a devastating possibility or outcome which will ultimate affect the flight of the police officer and which is definitely dreadful as any form of shoot-out or gun battle. Additionally, the m whiztary and emotional implications of a civil case are often than not surpass the physical suffering which is likened to a gun shot wound (Franklin, 1993).The book noted that as professionals, police officers are, in one way or the other, are engaged in a civil case. Franklin noted the stress it had inflicted on law enforcers and their respective police departments in general. However, police officers are still limited with civil law or civil liability trainings which may assist them in their court battles. It is unfortunate to note that a large amount of money which will be used in the court proceedings as well as many lives of police officers could be saved if only there is a provision of civil liability education or training.This is because such kind of knowledge created a better and well-prepared police officer who can react to any kind of police situation or effectively carry out his duties to people and the society. Through this training, there will also be a reduction in the possibilities of a defeat in the civil case, and most import antly, this is the fundamental determining factor for the efficiency and pass judgment of police officer and his civil liability training (Franklin, 1993). ConclusionAn increased awareness on the need for police officers to learn and adhere to civil liability in reference to specific laws of the country is a positive effort to undertake. This is because such consciousness will allow police officers to carry out their obligations, in a legal or appropriate manner, without the hindrance of possible civil lawsuit. While there are members of the police force who are undeniably imperfectly in their profession, it is worthy to consider that this is not the general view of the police department.Additionally, any misconception about the police profession may be corrected in such a way that the police officers are portrayed as important members of the society who are bound to protect people, property and the society as a whole. Hence, it is just but fair to provide police officers training s and related means which will enable them to appropriately respond to the security or sentry go requirements of the people. Ultimately, the concept and the need to uphold civil liability will serve as a reminder for police officers that their authority entails responsibility.

New Venture Financing Case

New venture pay at its core is securing the necessary funding to launch a new business. on that point are a variety of options for the entrepreneur to secure these funds, and finding the right financial backing in critical to starting any new business. Investors into a new venture ordain want to know that there is an acceptable risk/reward thres defend for their jacket of the United States. Therefore, it is all important(p) that the entrepreneur completelyeviate investor anxiety about the riskiness of the venture.There are some(prenominal) ways of an entrepreneur offer portray the investment so that it is perceived to score less risk to the investors capital an entrepreneur ignore sake his/her own capital in the venture to show the investor that he has a horse in the race as well, he/she may promise to earnings back the money invested at an earlier stage in business growth rather than a later stage where the business financial status is less certain, or he/she may give investors some form of control in the company through specified terms, loan covenants, or union in discernment.There are legion(predicate) entrepreneurs, however, who receive no outside funding for their start-up businesses. Bootstrapping, as its called, is when an entrepreneur uses his/her own savings, credit, personal loans, or equity usable from a home or car mortgage. This is ideal if the entrepreneur has enough capital to start the business, as they retain 100% of ownership and control. Unfortunately, not all entrepreneurs tin elicit fund their new venture without outside help.When starting a new venture, it can be problematic to be burdened with too many liabilities that must be repaid, instead of reinvesting the funds back into the business to stimulate growth. For this reason, equity financing may be a more prudent path. There is a sector of specialized tightens that forget provide seed capital for a new venture, when the entrepreneur does not have enough capital to scram the new venture on their own.This capital is meant to get an idea off the ground and move it from past the idea stage, until the business has advanced to the stage where it can generate sufficient revenues itself. In this regard, they are considered to be angels, although this term can apply to individual investors as well as firms. Angels are typically those who have an excess of capital and contribute capital to new ventures. Angels may want forms of convertible debt, ownership equity, or management positions or control. To approach anyone for financing it is important to have a business plan.All legal issues regarding s run intos and/or ownership should be clearly stated in any business plan, and it may be advantageous to supply a formal offering memorandum to investors. This will legally protect both principals in additional to providing the investors with a well-formulated blueprint for the organic law and growth of the new venture. Venture Capital is another source of financing. Venture capital is a pool of equity capital that is professionally managed. Wealth individuals can invest in these funds as limited partners, but usually they are comprised of pension funds and endowments.The general partners of the venture capital firm manage the funds, and are compensated with a fee as well as a percentage of the gains on the investments of the funds. Target returns on the investment in a venture capital fund are between 50% 60%, although they can be very volatile. Venture capital usually does not take place during the start-up stage of the business cycle usually is in the 2nd round financing stage. When exploring financing options and potential investors, it is paramount to guard any trademarked material associated with the new venture.Proprietary material is also known as a trade secret, which can be almost anything a pattern, formula, design, process, or information. Whatever the copyrighted information, it gives the entrepreneur a potential compe titive advantage over competitors, and is usually not generally know by the public. Protecting proprietary material with confidentiality agreements or non-disclosure agreements is advisable to any entrepreneur. As stated previously, there are different options when selecting financing. Equity ecurities are instruments like common stock and preferred stock, ownership shares in a firm, which derive look upon from the value of the firm, and are also a claim on a firms assets after all ranking(prenominal) claims have been satisfied in the event of liquidation. Debt securities can take many forms bonds, debentures, notes, etc. These debt securities receive higher priority than equity securities, and have the added benefit to the hold of receiving interest payments as well as the principal payment at the maturity of the security. Some debt instruments can be converted into equity securities depending on their construction.Venture capital firms will often syndicate a large investment the y attempt to entice other firms to take a stake in the investment. This allows venture capital firms to invest in numerous firms, diversifying their portfolios, and decreasing risk. Another form of financing is cash flow financing. Cash flow financing is typically funded by technical banks, although it can also be obtained from institutional lenders (insurance firms or pension funds), loan institutions, or finance companies, and is a form of debt financing.These can either be short-term, long-term, or line-of-credit obligations. Asset-based financing may be more appealing to a start-up business than cash flow financing because start-ups lack an earnings history. In this form of financing, the firm gives the financier a first lien on assets assets that can be used for these liens include accounts receivable, inventory, equipment, real estate, personally secured loans, letter-of-credit financing, and government secured loans.Venture leasing, a hybrid financing option, occurs when a piece of equipment must be rented by a new venture for a fixed term. However, since the machine will have depreciated in value by the end of this fixed term, and if the new venture fails, the renter will have a harder time renting a depreciated piece of equipment, venture leasors will want to be able to purchase equity shares of the venture at the current price of financing at some date in the future, in exchange for the additional risk they take in leasing to the new venture.Of course, once your new venture has begun receiving revenues, financing may be internally generated. Profits can be reinvested into the venture to continue growth. Sources of internally generated financing include retained earnings, credit from suppliers, accounts receivable, a reduction in working capital, and the sale of assets. And while these sources can be a beneficial way of raising capital without the help of outside investors, the venture must be wary of becoming too lean, or not having any wiggle room financially.There are a variety of investment possibilities to entrepreneurs in a new venture. Choosing the right one, or combination of financing methods, is critical to the growth and maturity of any venture. Throughout the business life-cycle, there are different stages at which these different financing methods will be helpful, or even necessary, and knowing which one best suits the venture is a vital part of prosperity.

Graded unit development stage Essay

AbstractThe purpose of this project was to create a admit time out, so the minor-minder and her assistants are able to judge the children in their care much easily. As well as having somewhere for the children to be able to go and fictional character/pretend free rein. The aim of the project was a similarTo lapse the increment of creating the house box, deep down the child-minding setting To resource a house recess facility in my childminding setting The methods were completed by interviewing child-minders and giving parents questionnaires to prevail their tones on section mash and the house corner. It was found that there are mixed views regarding affair play, social function play domain of a functions and role play to assist assessments.My assistants move intod in the creation of the house corner, my parents participated in the questionnaires given out to them and four local childminders participated in my interviews. byout this piece of research it has become seeming that everyone has different ideas regarding role play and how children should be doing this. My recommendation is that there should be a frame oeuvre for childminders stating what equipment they should have and what they need to do for a basic procreation for the children.IntroductionThe purpose of this project was to create a house corner, so the childminder and her assistances are able to assess the chidren in their care more easily. As well as having somewhere for the children to be able to go and role/pretend play. Within graded unit a house corner leave be created within the child-minding setting because one of the parents had said it would be nice to have a house corner area. This is because the child within this family has no brothers and sisters and the family would like to see howtheir child role plays and interacts with others. Also functional with the Community barbarian-minders a house corner is a good place to be able to assess a child by dint of role pla y. The Community Child-minder Area Manager also recommends having a house corner in place in the setting. This is for assessment and observational reasons as a community child-minder slew have a lot of Child Protection referrals.While developing this unit various mandatory units of the HND Childhood Practice relates to this topic they are Sociology and Psychology. The Sociological hypothesis emblematic interactionism, Feminism and psychological theories of Piaget, Vygotsky and Bruce will be looked at. I will also be looking at leadership though this unit and looking the democratic leadership style. I will also be looking at various legislations though out this unit as this relates to getting it right for every child (GIRFEC)2012, because when working together with other authorities to make everything better for the child/children involved in the service.You can see what is going on in their world from the role play the children do. It will enable assessments to be carried out whi le the child is at play. I will be looking at the Data security measure act 1998 and the Equality Act 2010, this is relevant so at every interview everyone is treated the same and all the information is kept confidential. The United Nations form on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). The Convention gives children and young people over 40 substantive rights, including the right to special protection measures and assistanceaccess to services much(prenominal) as education and healthcaredevelop their personalities, abilities and talents to the fullest potential grow up in an environment of happiness, love and understanding be informed about and participate in achieving their rights in an accessible and active manner.Bench mark Standards3.9 Managers/lead practitioners have the hunch forwardledge and understanding needed to support evidence informed enforce. Theyknow how to access, and apply relevant research and enquiry-based findings know how to reflect on and engage in the systemati c investigation of practice can make informed choices among peculiar(prenominal) research methods andmethods of evaluationdraw on a range of sources of evidence to analyse and evaluate practice draw on relevant principles, theories and approaches to inform their practice demonstrate the ability to share and discuss with others the principles and perspectives that underpin their own professional practice.AimsWithin the graded unit I have dickens aims to achieve, these are To lead the development of creating the house corner, within the child-minding setting To resource a house corner facility in my childminding settingMethodsFor all the research methods, questionnaires and interviews, the responses will be kept confidential and all the aspects of confidentiality will be respected.Interview four child-minders to see how they set up their house corners, For this method I contacted four local Fife childminders that also work with the community childminding, I discussed with them over the telephone what I was required to do and how I would visit their setting to see their play area and to do an interview to extend to qualitative information. (Appendix 1)Visit child-minding settings to see the sept corners and how they work. I visited the childminders setting so I could see their play area and the home corners and how the childminders used the area to assess the children.All parents views on role play will be gained by a questionnaire which will mainly have unappealing questions to gain quantitate information on role play, this will be piloted in class with my peers. I created a questionnaire which will mainly have closed questions to gain quantitate information. I piloted the questionnaire with my class peers using email. I then handed the questionnaire out to the 8 parents that use my service. They all completed the questionnaire by the return date of the twenty-fifth April 2013. (Appendix 2)Fund raise to gain funds to resource the house corner.For the funds to resource the house corner, I had 20 available through petty cash. I then did a sponsored toddle with my pre-school children on the 23rd April 2013 and created sponsor forms for the children to sequestrate home and get family and friends to sponsor them. (Appendix 3)MorrowThe code of ethics written by Morrow (1996) will be looked at while researching this unit. Ethical considerations in research with children and young people occur at all decimal points of the research process. They should be considered as an on-going and reflexive part of the research process throughout the life of a research project and not just as the first hurdle to be overcome.ResultsI have interviewed four childminders for research purposes and to gain qualitative information regarding the house corner and role play. I had asked if the childminders believed if having a house corner was an effective panache to aid role play 25% said yes while the other 75% said no and their reasoning for this was that desp ite having a house corner children would role play no matter where they were. Children will role play whether there is a house corner present or not. I asked if the adults get involved in the childrens role play 75% said they sit back and observe/none and 25% said they get involved if the children ask that with draw as soon as potential. During the interview I asked the four childminders what sort of assessments do they already do in their setting 100% answered Observations and Photographic only. (Appendix 4)I have visited four childminding settings to see what role play facilities childminders have in their setting. Each childminder had little role play equipment out for the children to use and the children were sat playacting board games, reading books or playing outside on apparatus. I ask two of the childminders about their role play equipment-one responded Children dont need equipment to role play, they turn things into equipment andpretend play.I gave all my parents that att end my setting questionnaires, to gain quantitate information which is eighter from Decatur in total. I had a 100% return on my questionnaires. I had asked if my parents thought a house corner was an effect way to aid role play? 62.5% said yes it is an effective way while 37.5% said it wasnt effective. (Appendix 5) I had asked if role play promotes or condemns a childs development? 87.5% said it promotes a childs development while 12.5% said it condemns the development. This parent stated My child doesnt role play and their development is fine. I asked the parents what role play toys do the children have at home?FundraiserThe fundraising for the house corner we did a sponsoredtoddle. At the fundraiser there was 2 adults and 8 children involved and we raised 159.26. (Appendix 6) With this funds I intend to buy the following for the house corner. Kitchen pots and pansPlastic kitchen foodPlay plates cups and cutleryPaint and decoration for the home cornerTable and chairs watchwordFemi nismAccording to the feminist belief, women are being exploited by the sources like books, media, and the rules of order by means of childrens toys. Feminists are of the view that the society aims to put conditions on children from their birth about their anticipated roles in society. In the statement, pink is for girls and blue is for boys, radical feminists would strongly argue that through parental expectations things like toys, books, and television begins the exploitation of women. For instance, girls are given dolls to play with, kitchens, prams, and tea sets.Feminists would claim due to imposition of such conditions, girls into their expected roles of playing the housewife and caring for children. On the other hand, boys are given footballs, computer games, cars, trucks, and are encouraged by their fathers for dummy fight. This encourages men to be masculine, violent and physically queenful according to the feminists.Symbolic InteractionismThis theory focuses on the way tha t people interact through symbols words, gestures, rules, and roles. In order for interaction to work, each person must turn in the meanings and intentions of others this is made possible by common symbols this is what Mead called role taking. This involves one person taking on a role of another person, by imagining that they are the other person, which they are interacting with. For example, if a person observes another smiling, crying, waving a hand or shaking a fist, they will put themselves in that persons position so they can interpret the intention and meaning. This will create their response to the action of the other person. Human interaction is a continuous process, with people taking it in turn of playing the role of the other.Mead argued that the process of role taking helps individuals develop a concept called self. There are two aspects of self these are Me and I. Me is a definition of yourself in a particular role for example a good parent or a good colleague. The I i s an opinion of yourself, which is otherwise known as your-self-concept, which is built up from the reactions of others and the way you interpret those reactions. Self is not something we are born with but it is learnt during childhood. There are two main stages in the development of this. The first is known as the play stage which involves children playing roles that are not their own for example a child may play Mums and Dads, Drs and Nurses. In doing this the child learns there is a difference between themselves and the role they are playing.PiagetJean Piaget, a philosopher and psychologist, was one of the first researchers to take childrens play seriously. He came to recognize that children learn step-by-step through experience and interaction with the world around them. In fact, Piagets research ascertained that the young mind is not capable of formal logic and abstract thinking until 11 or 12 long time old. Up until then, children learn inductively through experimentation and testing throughhands-on play.Piaget identified these stages of childrens developmentSensorimotor Stage Birth to 2 yearsThe child at this stage uses senses and motor abilities to figure out the world. Squeeze the rubber ducky and it quacks. Drop the ball in the hole and it rolls down the chute all the way to the bottom. Through repetitive play, the young child learns how to keep in mind whats out of sight and how to cause a reaction.Preoperational Stage 2 to 6 yearsDuring this stage the child acquires the ability to use symbols but still requires physical props and concrete situations to solve problems. A preschooler will line up 4 blocks and 4 more and then count up to 8.Concrete Operations 6-11 yearsFrom physical experience, the school-age child learns to conceptualize. Now 4+4 can be solved with numbers, not just with objects. Still the young student relies on experiment and discovery to hotwire the brain.VygotskyVygotskys research on play, or childrens games. Vygotsky gives the famous example of a child who wants to ride a horse but cannot. If the child were under three, he would perhaps cry and be angry, but around the age of three the childs relationship with the world changes Hence play is such that the explanation for it must always be that it is the imaginary, un square realization of unrealizable desires. Imagination is a new formation that is not present in the consciousness of the very raw young child, is totally withdraw in animals, and represents a specifically human form of conscious activity. Like all functions of consciousness, it originally arises from action. The child wishes to ride a horse but cannot, so he picks up a stick and stands astride of it, thus pretext he is riding a horse. The stick is a pivot. Action according to rules begins to be determined by ideas, not by objects. It is terribly difficult for a child to sever thought (the meaning of a word) from object. Play is a transitional stage in this direction.At that critical mome nt when a stick i.e., an object becomes a pivot for severing the meaning of horse from a real horse, one of the basic psychological structures determining the childs relationship to reality is radically altered. As children get older, their reliance on pivots such as sticks, dolls and other toys diminishes. They have internalized these pivots as imagination and abstract concepts through which they can understand the world. The old adage that childrens play is imagination in action can be reversed we can say that imagination in adolescents and schoolchildren is play without action. Vygotsky also referred to the development of social rules that form, for example, when children play house and adopt the roles of different family members. Vygotsky cites an example of two sisters playing being sisters. The rules of behavior between them that go unnoticed in daily life are consciously acquired through play.BruceTina Bruces theory is a theory on play, which includes 12 features that assis t in cultivating, recognising and monitoring free flowing play. The features that make up the theory include, making up playing rules, having fist hand experience, playing together, pretending, having personal agenda, making props and deep involvement, among others. The theory emphasized on the importance of outdoor(a) pay in the lives of children. (AppendixDemocrative Leadership StyleThe leaders invite and encourage the team members to play an important role in decision-making process, though the ultimate decision-making power rests with the leader. The leader guides the employees on what to perform and how to perform, while the employees communicate to the leader their experience and the suggestions if any. The advantages of this leadership style are that it leads to satisfied, motivated and more skilled employees. It leads to an optimistic work environment and also encourages creativity. This leadership style has the only drawback that it is time-consuming.These findings show th at children role play as a part of learning and theydevelop all their developmental skills through doing this. Despite whether you have a role play area/equipment children will find other ways to role play using equipment and pretending it is something else. There has been theorists studying role play and although they all make good points I feel Tina Bruces 12 features of play is the closest to being true.Conclusion passim this piece of research it has become apparent that everyone has different ideas regarding role play and how children should be doing this. Each childminder does things differently and I feel there should be an overall standard that each childminder should have when setting up a childcare setting.

Marketing Objectives Essay

Executive SummaryCeylon afternoon tea came into being virtually a century and half back when the past existing coffee plantations, struck by a deadly disease which virtually proved the death knell of coffee in Ceylon as it was then called, were converted to tea leaf plantations. Nearly all the coffee plantations were truly soon converted to tea plantations. As Ceylon tea leaf made its mark in the world and was being widely traded in the markets, measures were instituted to despatch and admonisher the lick of manufacture and sale of tea to be shipped to foreign countries. On 30th July 1883 the first overt sale of tea took place. The Ceylon Chamber of Commerce brought downstairs its purview the conduct of these auctions. In 1894 the Ceylon afternoon tea Traders linkup was established. Today almost all tea produced in Sri Lanka is sold in auctions conducted by these two makeups. mental hospitalThis assignment is mainly about a FMCG crossway which the make-up depends on ly on afternoon tea. I dwell sectioned this assignment in to different sections, to make the reader easy and understandable. I have likewise given a brief idea about market orientation, key go to fol little to be market oriented and also difficulties of implementing merchandising orientation. Then I have spoke about the selling environment with micro and big environment and also how these environments impact to the organisation.At last I worked with trade mix and how the marketing mix elements argon blended together in an organisation.I hope this assignment will be almostthing different and relateing task for you.Thank you.Methodology master(prenominal)ly concentrated on preliminary data questionnaire and the study also contains secondary data from www.zaidtea.com Got reference from articles and books atomic number 18 revealed by tables and diagrams. in any case discussed and got ideas from people who are in the naughty position in the tea application.Body of Assig nment tune 11. Zaid tea leaf Company1.1 About Zaid TeaThe Company incorporated in 2008 was formed in the year 1998 by a person with multifaceted experience gained in the tea industry and genetical from his forefathers of two previous generations.Naushad Jamaluddin the Managing Director/CEO of ZAID TEA CO. (PVT) LTD and a scion of an icon in the tea industry was nurtured in it from an early age during the tenure of his school days whilst assisting his father and grandfather in their tea problem and plantations. He was trained in the delicate art of tea tasting by some of the best experts in the industry. He has blossomed to be an expert, having an exquisite flair in tasting and blending teas to find the most exacting requirements of his buyers. Zaid Tea with its well experienced, diligently trained resource personal and cutting bounds knowhow is eminently suited to seamlessly source and deliver the most exacting tea blends to its diverse worldwide clientele. Selecting for them the choicest of teas produced in factories located in the tea plantations of the key highlands of Sri Lanka and sold at the ColomboTea Auctions, each having their trenchant and subtly varying aroma, flavor and liquor Zaid Tea Co (Pvt.) Ltd is incorporated as a extra liability company under the Companies Act of Sri Lanka. It is registered as an exporter of Ceylon Tea with the Sri Lanka Tea Board the regulatory frame of the Government of Sri Lanka entrusted with the task of ensuring the maintenance of the quality and image of Ceylon Tea exported from the country The Co. is also registered with the Sri Lanka Export outgrowth Board as an exporter of Ceylon Tea. This is another regulatory body of the Government of Sri Lanka promoting exports in general from the country1.2 Products and Main BrandsZaid Tea Company has their own brand the Maskeliya Kahata range of black teas comes in aluminum pouches and tea bags with their diaphanous aroma, flavor and liquor. The teas come from pla nts grown in the cool crispy air of the mountain ranges of the Hatton Maskeliya tea plantations famous for its teas with its evidently fine aroma and flavorFurther they have their own brand of blended teas and dark- super acid teasBlack Teaa) Maskeliya Kahata in aluminum pouchesb) Maskeliya Kahata in tea bagsa) Kingswood Tea in s heapt(p) boxb) Kingswood Tea in tea bags flavored and unflavoredGreen Teaa) Kingswood Green Tea in unused furtherance* Kingswood Green Tea in tea bags flavored and unflavored1.3 Servicesa) BLACK TEA raft Teas They source and deliver unblended or specified blends worldwide packed in paper sacks, plywood chests and corrugated cartons with inner lining of either aluminium foil or suitable polythene to obey the freshness and aromaBranded Teas They also source as per customer itemations and blend, package in printed cartons or other packaging as per their own brands and deliver worldwideFlavored Teas Here too we burn down egress either in bulk o r as per customers branded or un branded packaging cinnamon, vanilla, spice up etcb) GREEN TEAZaid Tea are in a position to supply you Green Tea plucked and processed from the finest tea gardens located in of the high mountainous terrain found in the central highlands of Sri Lanka where the air is fresh, pure, cool and crispy. It is manufactured to the highest international standards. Like black tea we stern supply in bulk or customized brand, packaging and flavoring unflavored, jasmine, mint etcTask 021. What Is market OrientationA business which begins work on, or philosophy that focuses on identifying and meeting customers needs and wants satisfyingly. -Himaz Ahamed2. Key steps that Zaid Tea should implement in array to be marketing oriented 2.1 Customer FocusedAn system of rulesal orientation toward satisfying the needs of authorisation and actual customers. Customer focus is considered to be one of the keys to business success. Achieving customer focus involves ensurin g that the whole organization, and not just frontline run staff, puts its customers first. All activities, from the planning of a refreshing product to its production, marketing, and after- sales care, should be built around the customer. Every department and every employee should share the same customer-focused vision. This can be aided by practicing good customer dealingship management andmaintaining a customer relations program. In order to achieve this, the organization must a) Define its market, effectively segment and buns the function customer and listen to customers. b) An extensive programme of employee education and communication may be necessary to realize customer focus in order to create the environment that encourages to think customers. c) Implement an effective marketing information system that will track customer needs on a continuous basis. 2.2 contender FocusedIn call of contentions, in marketing and strategic management is an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of current and potential competitors. This analysis yields both an offensive and defensive strategic context to identify opportunities and threats. Profiling coalesces all of the germane(predicate) sources of competitor analysis into one framework in the support of efficient and effective strategy formulation, implementation, observe and adjustment.Competitor focused concept is more preferable in markets which are growing very fast. Tea also one of the fastest growing market in Sri Lanka. So Zaid Tea also can invest in gathering more data about competitors which will enable them to climb up innovations at lower costs. 2.3 Strategic VisionDevelop a long, market-oriented strategic vision by viewing marketing as more than a series of promotional tools and techniques. Strong leadership from the top with high direct executives building a customer philosophy into their business plans and define the future in terms of creating long-term regard as for stakeholders.Figu re-01 Market vs Operations oriented structure3. Difficulties in Implementing merchandising Orientation Concept to Zaid Tea Even though Zaid Tea might feels that the marketing orientation is the only correct path to be successful, in practice there are likely to be barriers in developing such an orientation. They are as follows 3.1 Lack of Effective Customer ServiceThe job of the customer-service staff involves more than just statequestions and providing solutions to problems that arise. For market orientation to prove successful, it must also include customer-service representatives who take the time to get to know each customers needs and preferences. Zaid Tea Company also can gather records of the feedback it receives and crumble them for use in developing market-orientation plans. Without such customer-service efforts, company loses key opportunities to obtain information. 3.2 Lack of Marketing knowledgeLack of marketing knowledge, skill and experience are among the challenges of developing market-orientation plans. Many company employees understand base marketing concepts, but lack the in-depth knowledge needed to develop marketing-orientation strategies that work. Some companies deal with this by quest additional education for key employees or by hiring experienced, skilled marketers. Skilled marketers can help develop solid plans and give direction to key employees and departments. For example, an experienced marketer might help customer service, sales and technical-support departments learn how to incorporate a companys overall market orientation plan. 3.3 Conflict amongst marketing and other functionsThe power struggle between different departments within an organization can forget the process.Task 031. Marketing purlieu FrameworkA companys marketing environment consists of the actors and forces foreign marketing that need marketing managements ability to build and maintain successful relationships with target customers.(Philip Kotler 12th E dition)Figure-02 the marketing environment2. Micro surroundings2.1 DefinitionFactors or elements in an organizations immediate area of operationsthat affect its performance and decision-making freedom. These factors include competitors, customers, distribution channels, suppliers, and the general public. Micro Environment Description Factors that impact to Zaid Tea Suppliers A party that supplies goods or services. A supplier may be distinguished from a contractor or subcontractor, who commonly adds specialized input to deliverables. A suppliers behavior will directly impact the business it supplies. If a supplier come throughs a poor service Zaid Tea this could increase timescales or product quality. An increase in raw material prices will affect an organizations Marketing Mix strategy and may even force price increases. snug supplier relationships are an effective way to remain competitive and secure quality products. Intermediaries Firm or person (such as a broker or consulta nt) who acts as a mediator on a link between parties to a business deal, investment decision, negotiation, etc. Intermediaries usually specialize in specific areas, and serve as a conduit for market and other types of information. Also called a middleman. Zaid Tea must henchman effectively with marketing intermediaries to optimize the performance of the total system. Competition The marketing concept states that to be successful, an organization must provide greater customer value and triumph than its competitors. Competitor analysis and supervise is all-important(a) if an organisation is to maintain or improve its position within the market. If a business is un conscious(predicate) of its competitors activities they will find it very difficult to beat their competitors. The market can move very quickly. As a business it is important to examine competitors responses to these changes so that you can maximise the impact of your response. Customers A person, company, or other enti ty which buys goods and services produced by another person, company, or other entity. Zaid Tea Companys marketing plan should aim to attract and retain customers through products that meets their wants and needs and excellent customer service. Publics A public is any group that has an actual or potential impact on an organizations ability to achieve its objectives. According to Zaid Tea there are number of publics that will impact. They are monetary Public, Local Public, Media Public, Government Public, General PublicZaid Tea should keep a good relationship with these publics in order to runsuccessful business. 3. macro Environment3.1 DefinitionThe major external and uncontrollable factors that influence an organizations decision making, and affect its performance and strategies. These factors include the sparing factors demographics legal, political, and social conditions technological changes and natural forces. Macro environment is also known as uncontrollable environment.Figu re-03 Macro environment forcesThe main forces in the macro environment are commonly denoted by the mnemonic PESTEEL forces. a) semipolitical Environmentb) Economical Environmentc) affable and cultural Environmentd) Technological Environmente) Ecological Environmentf) Ethical Environmentg) Legal Environment3.2 Political EnvironmentThe first element of a PESTEEl analysis is a study of political factors. Political factors influence Zaid Tea Company in many ways. Political factors can create advantages and opportunities for Zaid Tea. Conversely they can place obligations and duties on company. Political factors include the following types of instrument Legislation such as the lower limit wage or anti discrimination laws. Voluntary codes and practices Market regulations Trade agreements, tariffs or restrictions Tax levies and tax breaks Type of government regimeNon conformance with legislative obligations can lead to sanctions such as fines, indecorous publicity and imprisonment. I neffective voluntary codes and practices will often lead to governments introducing legislation toregulate the activities covered by the codes and practices. 3.3 Economical EnvironmentThe second element of a PESTEEl analysis involves a study of economic factors. Zaid Tea Company also affected by national and global economic factors. National and global interest rate and fiscal policy will be set around economic conditions. The climate of the prudence dictates how consumers, suppliers and other organisational stakeholders such as suppliers and creditors behave within society. An thriftiness undergoing recession will have high unemployment, low spending power and low stakeholder confidence. Conversely a booming or growing economy will have low unemployment, high spending power and high stakeholder confidence. A successful organisation will respond to economic conditions and stakeholder behaviour. Furthermore Zaid Tea will need to review the impact economic conditions are having on th eir competitors and respond accordingly.Task 041. Traditional Marketing Mix1.1 What Is Marketing MixMarketing mix is the set of controllable tactical marketing tool that firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market. The marketing mix consists of everything the firm can do to influence the demand for its product. Thus in performing their key tasks marketing managers have at their disposal marketing programs to create customer satisfaction and ultimately profit for the organisation. These tools are often referred as the 4P s on how to use these ingredients require marketing research and information. Marketing mix variables are as followFigure-04 Traditional Marketing Mix2. How The Marketing Mix Elements Are Blended Together In Zaid Tea Company Sri Lanka is one of the oldest tea producing countries in the world commercial Production was started in 1867 by the British planter James Taylor in Loolecondera realm in Kandy. The tea produced in this country, popularly known as Ceylon Tea, ranks among the best functional teas in international trade. In 2007, Sri Lanka was the third-largest tea-producingcountry globally, with a 9% share of global production, producing 30.6 million kilograms of tea. The total period of land under tea cultivation has been estimated at approximately 187,309 hectares.Sri Lanka produces tea throughout the year, and the growing areas are mainly concentrated in the central highlands and southern inland areas of the island. They are broadly grouped under these headings according to their elevations, with high growns ranging from 1200 m upwards, medium growns covering between 600 m to 1200 m. and low growns from sea train up to 600 m. High grown teas from Sri Lanka are renowned for their taste and aroma.The two types of seasonal tea produced in these areas, Dimbula and Nuwara Eliya, are much sought-after by blenders in teaimporting countries. Uva teas from the Eastern Highlands contain unique seasonal characteristics and are widely used in many quality blends, particularly in Germany and Japan. The medium grown teas provide a thick colour variety which is popular in Australia, Europe, Japan and North America. The teas produced in low grown areas are mainly popular in Western Asia, Middle Eastern countries and CIS countries. Most factories in these areas produce what is known as a leafy grade of tea, the tea leaves of which are highly squirm and can grade into long particles.2.1 ProductTea is produced from the Camellia Sinensis plant. The tea plant, which is evergreen, isnt a crotch hair as popularly believed but a tree that is grown like a shrub to facilitate the process of tea plucking and production. It is native to Southeast Asia and is grown in a wide range of climaticalal conditions across the world. Tea is mainly produced in India (the worlds largest producer), Sri Lanka (till recently the worlds largest exporter), China, Kenya, Vietnam, Indonesia and Malaysia. The differing climatic cond itions in the worlds different tea growing areas influence the quality and taste of the various teas.Zaid Tea Company has their own brand the Maskeliya Kahata range ofblack teas comes in aluminium pouches and tea bags with their distinct aroma, flavor and liquor. The teas come from plants grown in the cool crispy air of the mountain ranges of the Hatton Maskeliya tea plantations known for its teas with its distinctly fine aroma and flavorFurther they have their own brand of blended teas and green teasBlack Teac) Maskeliya Kahata in aluminium pouchesd) Maskeliya Kahata in tea bagsc) Kingswood Tea in loose packagingd) Kingswood Tea in tea bags flavored and unflavoredGreen Teab) Kingswood Green Tea in loose packaging* Kingswood Green Tea in tea bags flavored and unflavored2.2 valueTable 02- Price cite Effective from 1st January 2013 of Maskeliya Kahata ZAID TEA CO (PVT) LTDPrice List Effective from 1st January 2013Product MRP WSP QDPMaskeliya Kahata 20g 20.00 18.00 17.10 Mas keliya Kahata 50g 42.00 36.96 35.11 Maskeliya Kahata 100g 84.00 73.92 70.22 Maskeliya Kahata 250g 195.00 171.60 163.02 Maskeliya Kahata 500g 385.00 338.80 321.86 Maskeliya Kahata 1Kg 755.00 615.00 584.25 Maskeliya Kahata 2Kg 1,495.00 1,215.00 1,154.25 Maskeliya Kahata100 Tea Bags 250.00 220.00 209.00 MRP Maximum (Marked) Retail Price WSP Wholesale Price Price to Retail Trader QDP Quantity Discounted Price The above table shows the effective price list of Maskeliya Kahata from 1st January 2013.2.3 PlaceThe role of this element basically describing availability, which is right place and the right time. Zaids Maskeliya Kahata is also available in every retailer shops. A channel of place is a set of interdependent organisation, which helps to make a product available in market for use of consumer. Zaid Tea also uses this concept of channels in order to provide Maskeliya Kahata available in the market. The below diagram denotes how Zaid Tea uses the distr ibution channels.Figure-05 Distribution channels of Zaid Tea* Note- in that respect is also another Distribution channel methodPRODUCER AGENT WHOLESALER RETAILER CONSUMER closing curtainIn a fast growing market day by day everything is fluctuating meteoric than we expect. Products and services are also same. The purpose of the project is to exhibit organisation to be marketing oriented and to aware about the marketing environment with micro and macro environment , how these environments impact to the organisation.RecommendationsPlantation companiesa) seek the possibilities of upgrading plantation jobs, by providing upward movement, to attract more workers to work in the estate.b) There should not be any effort from the plantation companies to dilute the existing labour laws which protect the workers in the tea industry, on thegrounds of declining returns.c) The big companies could also tie up with the ILO and other civil society organisations to help itsy-bitsy growers achieve mi nimum labour and environmental standards. Adherence to such standards will give an additional product value to the tea being sold at the retail level. In return, the companies could provide incentives in terms of better prices to the minuscule growers. Thesepractices could work to the advantage of both.The governmenta) Provide technical and marketing assistance to the small and marginalized Farmersb) Provide credit schemes and debt management services to the plantationsc) Strengthen the relationships between small tea growers and private affect factories. Develop a strategic intervention in order to help each actor aware of their rights and responsibilities within the value chain.International tea buyersa) Take responsibility for conditions in their entire tea value chains, particularly where they have more influence.b) Provide support to the small tea growers through technical and marketing assistancec) Pay a higher price for tea produced in a sustainable processd) Do not lobby t o dilute the social protections available to tea estate workerse) Conduct multi-stakeholder monitoring and verification of the social and environmental standards on the tea estates from which tea is procuredAnnexureReferences* PCM Text Book* Kotler P. Marketing circumspection 9th Edition, Prentice hall of India, 1997, pp 128-150 * www.zaidtea.com