'Characteristics of Philosophical Reasoning\r'

'How is the using up of reason into the framework of my thesis query fancy? Answer . a. Characteristics of Philosophical Reasoning Before at present answering the questions above, Ill describe a little instinct of philosophic think itself. According JuJunSuriasumantri, Reasoning is a opinion process in drawing a conclusion in the form of intimacy. So reason out is the thinking process started from empirical observation that produces a number of concepts and recogniseing. As an activity of thinking reasoning has certain haracteristics.The first feature is a logical aspect process, which is defined as logical thinking activities according to certain patterns or in cutting(prenominal) news shows according to certain logic. The mho peculiarity is the record of the analytical thinking process. Analytic properties argon the consequence of the being of a certain thought pattern. The analysis is essentially an activity of thinking ground on certain measures. Also accor ding to JintutNocturna, the characteristics of reasoning that is thorough, fundamental, and wondering(a). The nature of its thinking is comprehensive.A philosopher does non know the capacity of lore is only from the perspective of learning itself, provided they wanted to see the nature of science in the perspective of early(a)s. They wanted to connect science with other aspects. They wanted to know the relation of science to example philosophical system and strike science with religion. They wanted to trust what science knows that put forward bring benefit or not. That is the idea that broad because it does not have limit itself and not Just in bounds of one crabbed view peak. Thought philosophical want to know the world relationship mingled with sciences with others science, relationships between moral cience, art and intent goals.The nature of its thinking is fundamental. A philosopher does not believe it the honor the knowledge gained. They were ever so in precariousness and call into question: Why science mass be called the true? How the judgment process found on these criteria is? Is the criterion true? Then what is its own respectable? Like a circle and any questions always arise continuously. That is, thinking until the results of a fundamental or essential aspirationscan be learned for all the principle and scientific range. So, do not Just intermit at peripheries(skin), but penetrating into its depths. The ature of its thinking is speculative.Philosophers excogitate on the truth. Speculative nature of it, is also a philosopher continue to test and thence gave birth to a knowledge and can answer the question of the inclemency of the trust. Based on the characteristics is an activity that uses the potential for the widest likely sense and freely without beingness limited by anything radically, systematically, universal and comprehensive as well as speculative and fundamental in revealing the nature of a truth. It is the ideas obligateed and provide a stem for push thinking. The results of its thought were lways intended as a basis for exploring a new bea of knowledge.Based on characteristics of the doctrine of the above , it can be concluded that doctrine is an activity that uses the broadest reasonable potential and freely without being restricted by anything radically,sistematic universal , comprehensive and non- speculative and fundamental in nature reveals the truth . That is, the ideas that start form the basis for further thoughts . The results of his thought was always intended as a basis for exploring new areas of knowledge. In the preparation of the thesis , ust be establish on scientific studies that can be proven.scientific knowledge is based A. Ontology Ontology is a branch of doctrine that duologue about that there . In hurt of science , the seat of ontology questioned about objects that can be analyse by science , what its essential form , and how it strikes to milita ry personnel detection such as thinking , impression , and clicking sense led to knowledge. Ontology is the study of objects that are not visible on one fibericular conformation , which handlees that there are universal , that is trying to fall upon a core that is loaded every concomitant which encompasses all of heartyity n all its forms .The existence of all things is an aspect of reality that transcends all differences between the objects and living beings , between the types and individuals . Of the discussion raises some views that are grouped into multiple streams of thought that is to say philistinism Flow is said that the essence of everything that exists is matter . Something there ( le material ) may only natural there. Idealism(spiritualism) This stream replied weaknesses of materialism , which says that it is precisely the nature of spiritual beings (spiritual ) . Is the idea that spiritual world is more real han the material .Dualism The flow of material and wanted to compound the ideas , which argues that the essence of beings ( the fact ) in this universe is placid of two sources , namely the material and the spiritual skepticism This flow is the opinion of the philosophers who take a speculative attitude , which is free of any answers that may be true and it may not. B. Epistemology Object study epistemology is oppugn how something is coming and how to find out, how to differentiate with others . So with regard to the circumstances of time and shoes about something .Epistemological universe is what allows the process of get inting knowledge of logic , value-systems , aesthetics , and the procedure how to obtain scientific truth , moral profoundness and debaucher of art , and what is the description . Examines moral epistemology about the epistemic evaluation of moral Judgment and moral theories. In epistemology appears multiple streams of thought,namely : meaningful bugger off ( emperies ) , where pitying knowledge acq uired from sensory hear . Rationalism Without denying the huge benefits of sensory experiences in world life , but the erception of the senses is only used to own the intellect .So the sense is above the sensory experience and emphasize the deductive method. Positivism A discount of empiricism and rationalism . By taking the point of departure from empiricism , but have modify the experiment , which is able to markly determine the hardness and reliability of knowledge . Intuitionism Intuition is not the selfsame(prenominal) as feeling , however, is the result of understanding the exploitation of high that only human . The ability to understand the full truth , which is fixed and unique . C. Axiology Axiology is the philosophical value . This aspect is cerebrate to the value of the (1 ) nigh(a) and bad , and (2) beauteous and ugly .The first kinsperson of course : value under the study of philosophy called morals or behavior , while the second category is the object of the study of philosophy or aesthetic dish antenna. Ethics also called moral philosophy ethics ( moral philosophy) , which comes from the word ethos ( classic ) which meaning character . Moral derived from the word mos or mores ( Latin ) which means habit . In the Indonesian term is defined moral or ethical decency . poppycock object of ethics is human behavior or actions , being the object of a formal ethics is good or bad , moral or immoral. Human theology is the object of study ethic that has aged very long .Since human decree is formed , which is in accordance with the behavioral issues of morality have been discussed . Associated with it , then came two theories that explain how a behavior that can be deliberate ethically . The theory in question is Deontological and theological . a. Deontological . Deontological theories stimulate by the thought of Immanuel Kant , who seem rigid , onservative and extend the status quo , which states that the merits of a behavior is asse ssed in terms of the act itself , and not the result . A good behavior if that behavior fit the existing norms . b.Theological Theological theory more emphasizing results . A fraction of good behavior if the behavior is much more profitable than harm , where gains and losses are seen from the indicators of human interest . This theory raises two views , namely self-assertion and utilitarianism ( utilisme ) . People who teach is Jeremy Bentham (1742 †1832) , which is then corrected by John Stuart Mill ( 1806-1873 ) . ?Aesthetics Aesthetics are also called stunner philosophy ( philosophy of beauty) , which is derived from the word aisthetika or aisthesis ( Greek ) which means that the things that can be perceived by the senses or sensory perception .Discuss aesthetic issues related to critical reflection on values over something called Indak or not beautiful . On the way from the era of ancient Greek philosophy until now appears the question of aesthetics , namely : what is th e question that beauty , the beauty that is both objective and subjective , the beauty of the size , the role of beauty in human life and he beauty of the relationship with the truth .So the question was being debated winsome especially if it is associated with religion and the values of decency , because they never come through completion. b. How to Use On Such reasoning In My Thesis Research Plan? From the description of the reasoning characteristics above can be described that in scientific look on my thesis should adduce to the three scientific studies that can be proved. Scientific knowledge based on ontology, Epistemology and Axiology.In this case I plan on studying”The Use of Portfolio perspicacity in English Language Course of Samarinda engineering school Students” In this case, first of all I relate my research to the study of ontology in relation to science, the substructure of ontology questioned about the objects studied by science, how is the essentia l form, and how it relates to human perception in the form of thinking, feeling, and senses that produce the knowledge.Here, I will review first the definition of the judgement itself, including the types of assessment that exist in the world of education, then I describe of these species leads to the portfolio assessment and its definition. by and by that I gave evidence o the theory of portfolio assessment that has been nigh for examples of this include also the terms of portfolio assessment itself. After reviewing the terms of ontology, I will review my research in terms of epistemology.ObJect of the study in epistemology is questioning how something is coming and how to find out, how to distinguish with the other. So this part will deal with regard to the circumstances of space and time about something. The cornerstone of epistemology is what is the process to get the knowledge by logic, ethics, aesthetics, and the procedure and how o obtain scientific truth, moral goodness a lso beauty of art, and what the definition. Epistemic moral of epistemology examines the evaluation of moral judgments andmoral theories.From the foundation of epistemology above, I can describe my research on these processes in which this study took place during the assessment was disposed(p) in one semester and then the results are measured from the students who follow courses in English. From the view of epistemology, my scientific research shows how the sequence of events and portfolio assessment process was ut in place, and inside there are also barriers confront by faculty and students in the provision of portfolio assessment and also the excess deficiency.Assessment indicators are also include in the review epistemology which I will discuss in my research. The third study that will be entered in my thesis that scientific research based on the view of Axiology. Axiology is the philosophical value. Aspects of this value is related to the following categories: (1) good and bad, and (2) beautiful and ugly. The first category of value under the study of philosophy called ethics or ehavior, while the second category is an object of the study of philosophy or aesthetic beauty.In relation to my thesis of scientific research, which involves study of axiology or the value of research results to the people, in this case the use of portfolios can provide benefits and can be used in the assessing of English language and be reviewed again if it can increase the score of the English language Samarinda polytechnic Students. In addition, my research is certainly has the weaknesses that can be added to further research in subsequent studies, so that the value and enefits of this research is philosophically continues to grow and not static at one JuJun S, Suriasumantri, Filsafat Ilmu, Sebuah Pengantar Populer.\r\n'