Atlas Honda Motorcycle company †BRM report Essay

atlas Auto Limited publicufactures and merchandises Honda cycle under a expert assist agreement with Honda wheel guild LTD. of lacquer. An epoch-making event in the story of the comp either cementing of telamon Honda relation with Honda ride community LTD. Of Japan graceful as equity-holder in telamon in 1988. due(p) to the suitability dewy-eyed range and game quality of the product, Honda wheels ar by for the best foodstuffing bicycle in the country. Turn e actu for each one(prenominal)ywhere has risen from Rs. 2. 5 million in 1965 to Rs. 830 million in1987. Pakistans ride market sizing is still comparatively quite sm wholly(prenominal) Neverthe little.Atlas has underinterpreted to prep ar local manufacturing capabilities to the senior highest-level economically practic fitted turn a major role in localization has been designate to v eradicateor industries. Atlas has invested Rs. 197 million in fixed assets between 1983 and1987 to develop the count ry largest in house manufacturing capacity in the industry. By end of 1988 local comp 1nt will go upto 70% of Atlas product. Atlas management is strivings to modernize accompany operation by adapting applicable aspects of look into and theory and more than(prenominal) especially Hondas philosophy and practices to the realities ofPakistani Conditions Company management structure and processes are being transferred to meet challenges of growth and change. feat are being made to develop genuine participation of all levels of personnel in stopping point making substantial and effective agency has been established at all level various participation programmes, such(prenominal) as Alaymayar quality circles movement launched in 1985 are supported to bring forward constructive self expression and team work. The company training and phylogeny programmes encourage each(prenominal) member to develop himself to his full potential.To support the take facilities the company has establis hed a R&D wing and calamus making facilities which are set to grow rapidly in size and function. Atlas is playing a pioneering role in creating conditions for easy and convinced(p) use of motorcycle all over the country. A vast interlock of motorcycle, serve and share move dealers has been established to provide dependable emolument to either motorcycle user. To back up this system, Atlas has set up a permanent motorcycle technical training center in Lahore which provide several courses of varying duration and complexity for motorcycle mechanism user each year.Mobile training facilities take the latest bop how on technology and importanttenance of motorcycles to major rural centers around the country. constitution HISTORY The established year of Atlas Autos Limited in 1963. In 1964 Atlas entered into technical tending agreement with Honda Motorcycle Company of Japan for manufacturing and assembly of Honda Motorcycle in Pakistan. It is the only Public Limited Company in th e industry of Pakistan. Atlas Autos Limited operate two plants one at Panjdarys Sheikhpura Road Lahore. Both Plants are franchises and have relationship of technical collaboration. MAN come onMENT OF ATLAS AUTOS.In 1964 Atlas autos started business as assembler of Honda Motorcycle, than they came into the business of import Honda spare split. The organization set up of Atlas is as follows- A Board of Director consists of 7 members, elect a death chair, chairman has all managerial authority. Chairman is selected out of directors and It is the responsibility of chairman to conduct the business on a satisfactory line and maximize the profit. after(prenominal)ward the chairman and then comes C. E. O (Chief executive officer). Then for assistance of chairman and C. E. O personalised manager, accounts manager, production manager and marketing manager are selected.Seven managers are working under C. E. O each manager is responsible for respective function. There are two barters ma nagers one for North Zone and one for south Zone. In the ein truth zone two provinces. In the North Zone come Punjab, NWFP and Azad Kashmir. In south zone Sindh and Baluchistan. In north zone there are three regions. 1- Lahore 2- Multan 3- Rawalpindi The head of every region is regional manager. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The main(prenominal) usage of my research is- v To Visualize and identify these factors that contribute to the choose of Honda Motorcycle in Multan city (Punjab, Pakistan).v To recommend suggestion to adjoin the demand of Honda Motorcycle and getting much marketing share. RESEARCH trope Research design is the arrangement to condition for collection and analysis of selective information in a manner that aims to combine the relevance to research designing with economy in procedure. Measurement For the measurement of attitude of the great unwashed, We use unrestricted promontorys as well as fixed alternative questions in our questionnaire. sample distribution The bas ic idea in sampling is that the analysis of rough of the fixings in the population provide useful informations close built-in population. An factor is the subject on which themeasurement is being taken. It clearful be called as the unit of study.Population is the total collection of element about which we wish to make increase. For the selection of sample, we used the stratified sampling. We cleave the Mutlan city into 4 regions which are given as under 1. Gulgasht 2. Hussain Agahi 3. Shah Rukan Alam 4. Cantt After dividing the Multan city into different region. The we used random sampling and select 25 answerings from evry region. Our target responders are the customers and dealers of Honda Motor wheel around. Sample Size Dealers and customers of Honda Motor Cycle are slowly functional, so it is easy to select a turgidsample size.For the purpose of our research We selected a sample of hundred customers and 3 dealers of Honda Motor Cycle, because of the time constrain t thats why we selected these customers and dealers. Data charm Method The report is based on primary data. Information are directly taken form the customers and dealers of Honda Motor Cycle for the particular purpose. For that purpose we developed two questionnaire ( for customers and dealers ). We have conducted personal reexamine method. The main qualities of this survey method are as fellows 1. The most important features of this method is that it leads towards high participation.Moreover, in personally call into question the interview mass carry with supererogatory informations. 2. The props and visual aids potentiometer in like manner put up the vision of knowledge of interviewer. The interviewer has more control over the personal interview than former(a) interrogation types. 3. The greatest value of this method is the depth and pointedness of information that female genitals be secured. It for exceeds in volume and quality, the information we can usually secure fro m telephone and mail survey. 4. The interview can do more social functions to improve the quality of the information received than with different methods. responsive motivation is heavily in the hand of the interviewer. Studies of reaction to a physique of surveys indicate that answerers can be motivated to participate in personal interviews. Medium of Communication All the users of Honda Motor Cycle are not educated. So we adopt different style. For educated persons we use the same questionnaire. plainly for uneducated persons we translate the questionnaire for them. Questionnaire For Consumers Q. 1 What is your Occupation? REPONSES % long time Student 15 15% Govt. Employee 40 40% Business man 20 20% Others 25 25% radical light speed cytosine% end In our responders 15 persons are students, 40 are Govt.Employee, 20 business man and 25 are related to different occupation. From this result we can put forward the users of Honda Motorcycle are Govt. Employee and Other occup ation. Q. 2 What is your Income Group? REPONSES % age 5000-myriad 30 30% 1 degree centigrade0-15000 40 40% 16000-20000 20 20% 2 coke0-25000 8 8% 26000- in a higher place 2 2% core cytosine light speed% end The respondents whose income is 5000 to coulomb00 are 30, 1 ampere-second0 to 15000 are 40, from 16000 to 20000 are 20, from 2 carbon0 to 25000 are 8 and finally 26000 and above are only 2. So we can say that the user of Honda Motorcycle is middle family mass so it is bike of economical people.Q. 3 What is your sense of taste? RESPONSES % AGE Yamaha 0 0% Honda ampere-second atomic number 6% Suzuki 0 0% broad(a) atomic number 6 deoxycytidine monophosphate% closure We have interviewed just those persons who are driving Honda Motor Cycle so preference for this sample comes to 100%. Q. 4 You yourself corruptd it? RESPONSES % AGE Yes 92 No 8 broad(a) 100 coda Out of a sample of 100 respondent 92 were of the view that they personally corruptd the bike and 8 give ton gue to that is give to them by their company. So it means that 92% people have getd the bike personally which 8% people got it from their company. Q. 5 When did you bargain for Honda Motorcycle?RESPONSES % AGE onward 1984 0 0% 1985-1990 10 10% 1991-1995 20 20% 1996-2000 25 25% After 2000 45 45% primitive 100 100% remnant When we asked this question to respondent, out of 100, 10 were those who purchased during 1985-1990, 20 were those who purchased during 1991-1995, 25 were those who purchased during 1996-2000 and finally 45 were those who purchased after 2000 so we can say that the market or demand of latest model is more than others. Q. 6 Why you purchase Honda Motorcycle? Because of RESPONSES % AGE Fuel consumption 58 58% little Noisy 0 0% separate Availability 0 0% All of the above 42 42% correspond. windup Out of 100 respondents, 58 persons state that they preferred Honda Motorcycle repayable to fuel consumption, and 42 persons say that they purchase Honda motorcycle bec ause of all these qualities which point of reference are bring in in the motorcycle. So we can say mostly people purchase Honda motorcycle because of Fuel consumption. Q. 7 have you used any other brand of Motorcycle? RESPONSES %AGE Yes 45 45% No 55 55% Total 100 100% end point When we asked this question, 45 respondents say that they used other brand of motorcycle era 55 persons told us that they never used any other brand of Motorcycle. Q.8 If yes then what is the reason of change? RESPONSES %AGE Fuel consumption 40 88. 888% costless part availability 0 0% Any other mention 5 11. 111% Total 45 100% result In chemical reaction to this question 40 respondent express that they have change precedent motorcycle with Honda motorcycle because gasoline total per liter of previous motorcycle is very low as equalityd to Honda motorcycle and 5 respondent verbalise that any other mention like there machines are not comfortably visible(prenominal) and etc. Q. 9 What is average baffleage of your Motorcycle per liter? RESPONSES %AGE 40-50 15 15% 51-60 60 60% 61-70 25 25% 71-80 0 0%.Total 100 100% Conclusion In the regard of this question, 15 person communicate that their bike cover 41-50 km per litter spell 60 respondents utter 51-60,and 25 respondent express 61-70. So I can say it is a main factor of Honda bike. Q. 10 Do the spare parts good available? RESPONSES %AGE Yes 100 100% No 0 0% Total 100 100% Conclusion When I asked this question, response to this question is 100% in favor. The respondents state they have to never face any line of work because the spare parts of Honda Motorcycle are intimately available. So it is as well as a main cause that Honda motorcycle has an edge on other Motorcycle. Q.11 Do you think that fuel consumption make your purchase decision? RESPONSES %AGE Yes 91 91% No 9 9% Total 100 100% Conclusion In the response of this question all respondent express that fuel consumption affect their buy decision. They verbali ze we can save our money. Because expense of this motorcycle is less as compare to other motorcycle. Q. 12 If Yes then how much? RESPONSES %AGE really much 60 65. 94% High 20 21. 98% downcast 0 0% customary 11 12. 1% Total 91 100% Conclusion Out of 100 respondent 60 said that fuel consumption affect their decision very much while 20 said that it is high affect on their decision.While 11 said that fuel consumption has modal(prenominal) affect on their decision. Q. 13 Do you think the charge of motorcycle affect your buying decision? RESPONSES %AGE Yes 56 56% No 44 44% Total 100 100% Conclusion In the response of this question, 56 respondent are those said that price affect their purchase decision while other 44 respondent told that price does not affect their purchasing decision. Q. 14 If yes than up to what extent? RESPONSES %AGE High 32 57. 15% habitual 22 39. 29% Low 2 3. 58% Total 56 100% ConclusionOut of 56 respondents are those who said that price affect their purchasin g decision, 32 personssaid price has high affect while 22 respondent said that price has normal affect and finally 2 respondent said that it has low affect on their buying decision. Q. 15 Do the mechanics easily available for the fastening of Motorcycle? RESPONSES %AGE Yes 100 100% No 0 0% Total 100 100% Conclusion When we asked this question the entire respondent said that mechanics are easily available for the repair of Honda Motorcycle.So it is also a main factor that Honda Motorcycle captured the market and spread all over the country. Q. 16 What is the re deal value of Honda motorcycle after four age?RESPONSES %AGE More then half price 70 70% Equal to half price 29 29% Less than half price 1 1% Total 100 100% Conclusion Honda Motorcycle is a cash deposit bike. You can cash it at any time. When we asked about the recut-rate sale value all respondent said that they preferred Honda Motorcycle because it will be sold more than half price. several(prenominal) respondent said that they sold Honda motorcycle more than their original price. So it is an important factor of Honda Motorcycle. Q. 17 What is the performance of its shocks? RESPONSES %AGE precise sincere 25 25% Good 55 55% Normal 20 20% Bad 0 0% Very Bad 0 0%.Total 100 100% Conclusion In response to this question, 25 respondent said V. Good, 55 said Good and 20 people said the performance of shocks is normal. So we can say that the over all performance of shocks is good. Q. 18 What is the performance of its locomotive engine? RESPONSES %AGE Very Good 25 25% Good 70 70% Normal 5 5% Bad 0 0% Very Bad 0 0% Total 100 100% Conclusion 25 respondents said that performance of engine is V. Good 70 respondent said good while 5 person said normal. So it is a main cause due to which Honda Motorcycle captured the market. Q. 19 How is its electric system (cdi) ?RESPONSES %AGE Very Good 14 14% Good 40 40% Normal 45 45% Bad 0 0% Very Bad 0 0% No (cdi system) 1 1% Total 100 100% Conclusion 14% respondent said V. G ood, 40% said good and 45% respondent said Normal electric system and 1 respondent said that he has no cdi system I his motorcycle. So over all we can say that Honda electric system of Honda Motorcycle is good. Q. 20 How is the plump up of Honda Motorcycle? RESPONSES %AGE Very Good 5 5% Good 20 20% Normal 75 75% Bad 0 0% Very Bad 0 0% Total 100 100% Conclusion 5% people said that pick up of Honda Motorcycle power sV. Good, 20% said good and 75%.respondent said its pickup is normal. From this result we conclude that Honda motorcycle is economical bike for the people. Q. 21 Is it a balanced bike? RESPONSES %AGE Yes 100 100% No 0 0% Total 100 100% Conclusion From 100 respondent all the respondent said that it is a Balanced Bike. So we can conclude that it is balanced bike. Q. 22 Have you seen any Advertise of Honda Motorcycle on TV or any other media like Newspaper, journal etc? RESPONSES %AGE Yes 80 805 No 20 205 Total 100 100% Conclusion Out of 100 respondents 80 says that they have seen the publicizing of Honda motorcycle and20 says that they havent seen it.So we can say that most of the people have seen the advertising of Honda Motorcycle. Q. 23 Whether the advertisement of Honda Motorcycle is Impressive? RESPONSES %AGE Yes 30 37. 5% No 50 62. 5% Total 80 100% Conclusion In the response of this question 37. 5% respondent said that advertisement of Honda CD 70 is impressive while 62. 5% said that it is negative. So, we can conclude that advertisement is not good of Honda motorcycle. Q. 24 Do you thing the advertisement affect your purchasing decision? RESPONSES %AGE Yes 10 12. 5% No 70 87. 5% Total 80 100% ConclusionOut of 80 respondent 10 said that advertisement affect their purchasing decision while 70 said advertisement has no affect on their buying decision. Q. 25 Do you think the market value affect your purchasing decision? RESPONSES %AGE Yes 95 95% No 5 5% Total 100 100% Conclusion 95% respondent said that market value affect their purchasing decisio n while 5% said in No. Honda motorcycle is such motorcycle which we can sell it at any time. So it is a main cause Honda motor has an edge on other motorcycle. Q. 26 Are you satisfied with company after sales service? RESPONSES %AGE Yes 75 75% No 25 25% Total 100 100%.Conclusion In the regard of this question 75 respondents said that they are satisfied with after sales service while 25 respondents said that they are not satisfied. Q. 27 Have you any suggestion about motor cycle to the company? RESPONSES %AGE Yes 30 30% No 70 70% Total 100 100% Conclusion 30 respondents give different suggestion they said that company make it heavy, Improve the equality make it innovative reduces the prices of spare parts etc. while 70 respondents give no suggestion. Q. 28 What is your grooming? RESPONSES %AGE Metric 10 10% F. A. 30 30% B. A. 40 40% Masters 20 20% Uneducated 0 0% Total 100 100%.Conclusion In our respondent 10 are Metric, 30 are F. A. 40 B. A. and 20 respondents are in masters. So we can say educated people mostly used it. Questionnaire For Dealers Q. 1 Why you preferred the enfranchisement of Honda Motorcycle? RESPONSES %AGE motivator to dealers 0 0% Easily dealership available 0 0% Much sale 3 100% Total 3 100% Conclusion Out of 3 dealers, all of them preferred the dealership of Honda motorcycle because its sale is more than other motorcycle. Q. 2 How is the security requirement for its dealership? RESPONSES %AGE High 1 33. 333% Low 0 0% Normal 2 66. 667% Total 3 100% Conclusion1 respondent said that its security requirement is high, while 2 respondent said that security requirement is normal. Q. 3 How much the incentive given to you? RESPONSES %AGE Very much 2 66. 667% Much 0 0% Normal 0 0% Less 1 33. 333% Total 3 100% Conclusion 2 dealers said that for its dealership a very much security is required and while 1 say that less security is required for its dealership. Q. 5 Do you advise your family members, friends to purchase it? RESPONSES %AGE Yes 3 100% N o 0 0% Total 3 100% Conclusion When we asked this question from dealers, the response is 100%.They said that which thingthey sale they must advertise for it. Q. 6 Why people purchase it? Because of RESPONSES %AGE Fuel consumption 2 66. 667% Spare parts availability 0 0% Four stroke 0 0% All of above 1 33. 333% Total 3 100% Conclusion In response to this question, 2 dealers said that people purchase it due to fuel consumption, and 1 dealer said that people preferred it because all these qualities are in this motorcycle. It is a four stroke, spare parts easily available and also fuel consumption is less as compare to other motorcycle. Q. 7 Do you check the bike before its sale? RESPONSES %AGE Yes 3 100% No 0 0% Total 3 100% ConclusionIn response to this question all dealers said that they check the bike before its sale. Q. 8 How much are your monthly sales agreement? RESPONSES %AGE 1-10 0 0% 11-20 0 0% 21-30 3 100% Total 3 100% Conclusion In reply to this question all the dealers sai d that their monthly average sale is between 21-30. Q. 9 How much profit you get on the sale of a bike? RESPONSES %AGE 1000-2000 0 0% 2001-3000 3 100% More than 3000 0 0% Total 3 100% Conclusion All the dealers said that there profit is between 2001-3000 from the sale of each motorbike. Q. 10 What is the behavior of its user about it? RESPONSES %AGE Good 0 0% Very Good 3 100%.Normal 0 0% Total 3 100% Conclusion All the dealers said that the behavior of customers is very good towards Honda Motorcycle. Q. 11 What step you have taken for its promotion? RESPONSES %AGE Not taking steps for its promotion 0 0% Motivating the people & suggestion to the company 3 100% Total 3 100% Conclusion We are taking besides many steps. We are increasing sales promotion effort. We are also increasing the advertisement of Honda Motorcycle. We are also tried to motivate the people to purchase it. We held seminars with the help of company and also use P. R and tell the people its advantage. Conclusion Con clusion.After conducting the research we can say that Honda motorcycle is successful and pop in people because of the following reasons Spare Parts Availability The spare parts of Honda motorcycle is easily avilavble in the market. If some(a) fault occurs and due to that fault customers has to replace a particular parts, Which is easily available in the market, so customer has to face no problem. It is a main factor due to which Honda motorcycle is too much popular. Resale regard as The customers are strongly satisfied with the resale value of Honda motorcycle. The user can easily sale it more that half price at which he purchased.Some time the user of Honda Motorcycle sale it greater that price at which they purchased so it is a fact users agree with its resale value. Petrol Average The petrol average of Honda motorcycle is also very good. In the beginning its average is very good and more than 70 km per litter. After some time its average decrease but not too much. The marginal petrol average of Honda motorcycle is 50 according to our survey. It is a very good petrol average. Service And Maintenance The mechanics are easily available for the repair of motorcycle and they also trained in their work. So consumers have toFace no problem of service and maintenance.After Sale Service The company gives free service after sale of motorcycle. Due to this customers are satisfied with its after sales services. Pick up The pick up power of Honda Motorcycle is good. The pick up power of other motorcycle is very low as compare to Honda Motorcycle. 4Strokes This quality of Honda Motorcycle make this product different from others motorcycle. It is only 4 stroke motorcycle. electric System The electric system of Honda Motorcycle is also to much affective. founding The management of Honda motorcycle changes the design of motorcycle at the time.Honda Company introduced or replaced 113 models of motorcycle with in 18 months, other companies are not able to introduce new m odel so quickly. Due to this factor Honda motorcycle is popular. Others When we asked questions to the customers about the bike, most people said that it is a balanced bike. They showed expiation on the meter performance, shocks reliability and speed. One more factor we matt-up during our survey is that mostly students and Govt. servant like Honda motorcycle and it is more popular in highly educated person the age group 20-25 years and income Rs3000 to 5000.

Air pollution economic case for enviromental regulation

IntroductionEconomic learning and prosperity takes place, several times, coupled with contamination of the urban environment. This situation is specify in economics as an externality, which is an effect from one activity which has consequences for other activity but is not reflected in market prices. When these consequences ar the multiplication of external costs they are defined as negatives. This is the particular wooing of air taint. For example, Pollution represents an external cost because damages associated with it are borne by society as a whole and are not reflected in market transactions.(Koomey and Krause, 1997)Despite the fact that stricter controls were put into practice in the endure years, and the observed reductions in pollution, air pollution remains as a common concern among countries.Externalities go downionsThere are four major measurable examples to correct this problem which are Property Rights, Regulation, Taxes and subsidies, Marketable Permits.Althoug h it works in few cases, small groups, if property rights are correctly defined it may avoid the problem, e.g. if a firm owns the right to clean air and can squawk people for using it. line of business pollution regulations were strengthened by word-painting of the Air Quality comprise in 1967, which introduced a regional cost to air pollution control and has been has been increasing in the last years, E.g., limits on vehicle emissions, controls on allowable factory emissions, smoking bans. The problem on this measure is that does not encourage change in technology uses or new technology developments.Taxes and subsidies, for example differential taxes on carbon emissions, has the benefit that the company that produces contamination pays, thus encouraging technology change and creation more efficient.At last, marketable permits are a number of permits issued jibe to a total limit of output pollution. They may be auctioned to the highest bidder, vent to companies that can not reduce pollution easily. The Clean Air Act is a well-known example of the application of the marketable permits technique.ConclusionControlling air pollution is a difficult task, plenty of trade-off decisions. Many measures have been interpreted to stop the problem, but many of them have proven to be inefficient. It seems that taxes and subsidies are the best measures but this might be introduced slowly into the market, thus broad time to firms to adjust their production methods. Hence is that marketable permits are a validate instrument to go together with taxes in the meanwhile.ReferencesNorberg, Johan. In defense lawyers of Global Capitalism. Publisher Cato Institute. office of emergence Washington, DC. way out course 2003. Page Number 229.Cherni, Judith A. Economic Growth versus the Environment The Politics of Wealth, wellness and Air Pollution. Publisher Palgrave. Place of Publication New York. Publication Year 2002. Page Number 1.Colls, Jeremy. Air Pollution. Publisher Spon Press. Place of Publication New York. Publication Year 2002. Page Number 21.Arya, S. Pal. Air Pollution, Meteorology and Dispersion. Publisher Oxford University Press. Place of Publication New York. Publication Year 1999. Page Number 15.Koomey, Jonathan and Krause, Florentin. Introduction to Environmental Externality cost. Year 1997. Published in the CRC Handbook on competency Efficiency. Energy Analysis Program. Applied Science Division. Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.

Mentor

Instead of anathema the dark we pay to light a candle rather of flavor down at the gutter at the roadside on a moonless night why non look up and think the stars in the sky? We should put passion in distributively undertaking. And instead saying Its cloudy outside but its a Sun twenty-four hour period, why non make it as an opportunity and say Its a great Sunday Meaning youre optimistic that the day would turn out mature because you ar free from your stake turn tailof your responsibility here despite the clouds hovering at the horizon. Right?In curt we, all of you (man daysrs, supervisors, section heads) should try to tickle pink others through and through your thoughts, words and deeds. root you should think and act as mentors and not mere motorcoachs or striver drivers of employees. A mentor says we make up to do this mien, rather than ordering a subordinate to do that way. Make yourself part of the resultant role a fragment of the police squad up. As a m entor you take both problem as a new challenge. As proactive mentor you wear to be ahead of the situation or you urinate to put up peckers to clog authority problems to crop up.To be an effective mentor you have to have the unlimited expertness to understand. How? Review your college psychology, about human nature or behavior, about motivation and aspirations of individuals. Make your subordinates feel that their aspirations and ambitions would be addressed by executeing their roles in the company. Make their individual ambitions and the companys accusing one. Make them proud to belong to the company since they are being taken care of including their loved ones.To be a competent mentor either manager should have an open line of communication. You have to remove the partitions and cubicles. permit every former approach you any time of the day or night and athletic supporter him solve even his personal problem. As a mentor your responsibility does not end after office hours. The communication theory line should be open 24 hours a day.Mentoring is like t all(prenominal) a football or basketball team. A coach is a mentor- draw not a manager because he inspires people. Your effectiveness as a coach could be measured on how the athletes play the game and not on the number of games won.The objective of the manager is to win all the games. As for the coach? His world-class consideration is the welfare of the individual players including their future and direction. good-natured is secondary. Winning is not the objective. Winning a game or the backup should be the result of mentoring.No amount of shouting, cursing or time out could make a player give a 100-percent office to a game if he is not inspired to play. He alone gives his beat out because of the motivations from his coach. An representative is Carter of the popular movie Coach Carter. He made men out of the spoiled and undisciplined youngsters. He transformed their stretch outsand their future. He considered every game lost an opportunity for each(prenominal) of his players to improve and do better. Carter provided them reasons to live a beautiful and fruitful life.Another organization where you can vex a mentor-leader is the Army. It is not the platoon leader but its usually the platoon serjeant who motivates the infantrymen during battles. unmatched factor that inspires the soldiers could be the courage of the sergeant. And he leads in apparent motion of his platoon every skirmish.Because he has the prolonged agniseledge and experiences acquired from previous battles his men have confidence of his leadership. They bash that what the sergeant is doing is for their welfare and to reduce casualties. In perfectly extensive knowledge and courage play an important role in motivating people. And you can have more knowledge by aid managerial and motivational lap upshops on your initiative and on your own time. In pitiful self-improvement.Another role you sho uld play as leader is that of a facilitator. You should group your subordinates into teams not as work-related groups, like budget, accounting, or disbursing section .Each team has an objective to accomplishjust like every squad in the army. Each team member has a defined role to play or a strong point.The men in a squad codt carry the comparable type of weapon. One carries a banding or a special weapon which is effective for long be sick shooting. Another carries a machine gun for close combat. Others carry irreverence rifles for the final push. Others carry snipers rifle with night vision for evening assault, and so forth. And in the absence of the point -man, the next in crop can take over to accomplish the objective of the team since every members role is clearly defined.So you have a logistical team rather than a dispatching section. Each team leader is empowered to make decisions. In pillowcase of misunderstanding or negate in the implementation of an office policy, as manager or supervisor you act as collaborator but not as compromiser. As team member you consider everyone in the group as your mate or peer not as your immediate supervisor or your direct subordinate.Each role should be defined not by the ranking of the position but by specialization or skills. Thus, the depositary becomes communications specialist and the telephone operator the solutions provider for she gives answers to queries, Right? With these removes each can assert his role in the organization and he could measure his overall contribution. Even the janitor must have a position fitted to his contribution as sanitation specialist. Try to imagine a atomic number 53 day without a janitor. You will find that the following day everything is in bedlam or the office smelly.In case of conflict, as facilitator you initiate collaborative work, you initiave comprehensive cooperation from all the members of the team. For an example in the advertising department, you yave to faci litate the issue of the best creative idea for a promotional campaign. In this case you dont have to criticize ideas presented. You have to facilitate the frution of the ideas into a useful concept. As facilitator you have to be highly assertive so it would be faster for a collegial decision to crop up from the team.Another role you should play as supervisor is that of a manage. In short you have to record and take note of the progress of each team in your group. You dont have to record their attendance nor whether they come on time or leave the office earlier. Thats not the point.As varan you record as to how far they are from the ending. You have to be goal-oriented. You manage by objective. To be an effective monitor you have to be competent about information managementthe ins and outs of the organisation.In short you have your own system to grade your members. In the military in that location is such thing as demerits. For example you wear a eff uniform you would be given 100 merits. Any stain or dirt in the uniform, or improper wearing of a whiz insignia the officer would give you the corresponding demerits. In this way your team members know their goal if they could make you objective and make it perfectly..The military for example, has its own counterintelligence group. This way the military plays it safe by moving ahead of its enemies. This toy withs you monitor the contribution of each member of the team and advice them from time to time as the necessary adjustments needed in their activities.Another function you should do as manager is that of a coordinator. In this situation you act not only as the coach of the team. You act at the same time the team lord or the playing coach. You coordinate the maneuvers on the court as team captain. All the members of the team observe you from a distance as to what signals you are transmitting to them.As coordinator you know the specialized skill of each member. Like basketball, you know how the guard or the forwards functions during set plays. You know the capacity of your center or you know who would be the slotman or pointmaker during all important(p) time of the game. In short each man has a specializationjust like in your department or section.In basketball, the team captain sometimes decide as to when they need to rest and not necessarily the coach and transmit this need to the coach or the judicial system officials for the team to take a rest or take a time out to change plan of maneuvers . Compared to our company, as facilitator you must have the hands-on knowledge of the operation of your division or section.You cannot play as team captain if you dont know the limit of your teammates, right?To summarize the following table show you the roles and the competencies needed ROLES COMPETENCIES NEEDED mentor Big understanding open-mindedness, effective verbal and oralCommunications extensive understanding of humanMotivations example that of a coach can emphatizeFACILITATOR t eam-building skills missionary work of authority assumeResponsibility will not compromise solution exampleThat of a college instructorexample basketball team captainMONITOR Proactive and goal-orientation major power to detectWeaknesses extensive analytical ability example a highschool teacher another example is the Armys demerit system.COORDINATOR Proactive ability to measure capacity and limits ex teamcaptain he gets the opinion of the members of the team to occur at a good decision ability to get the assistance ofevery member of the team ability to get respect from the team. eggshell 1 Shaheen Matombo, staff member The case of Shaheen is not an isolated one. It is incessantly the problem of single mother who doubles as head of the family. Shaheen is not a hopeless case. In fact Shaheen has offered an alternative schedule of 830 a.m. in exchange for a 30-minute lunch break.As chief executive officer I would suggest to Andre Tate, Shaheens manager, to adopt the staff members of fer of arriving at 830 with 30-minute lunch break, with off at 5 p.m., just like everybody in the office. As manager it is the foremost to maintain manpower, especially that Shaheen is a product of a computer college. It is the goal of Shaheens immediate supervisor to give the newcomerthree months at worka chance to initiate herself in her workplace. In this age of computers, and flexible time, the offer of Shaheen is laudable. Morale of her co-workers would not be affected if the change of Shaheens schedule would be known by everybody in the office.And the same flexible time schedule would be offered to anybody who have the same reasons that of Shaheen.As manager, Andre should also provide a counteroffer. Meaning, Shaheen would follow her suggested schedule religiously.And a single late or failure to follow the schedule whitethorn mean she has to revert to the 8 a.m. regular time. During contingency, Shaneen would be given the chance to work online at home, so by the time she will be at the office she would not miss any important call. A system would be installed that calls made at 8 a.m. to the office would be coursed through the home telephone or computer of Shaheen at home.Another counteroffer would be for Shaheen to observe her suggested schedule but without coffee breaks of 15 minutes in the morning and another coffee break of 15 minutes in the afternoon. In short let Shaheen eat at his work piazza in exchange for her coming at 830 p.m. Since Shaheen is a computer graduate, sooner she would learn the ropes and could be effective in her work. As manager, Andres work is to maintain cohesion, morale and develop through dressing all the employees, not only Shaheen. As manager, Andres responsibility is to develop human resources in the company, particularly at this time when it would be rough to hire competent employees who are readily knowledgeable with office work.One of the four approaches to effective values (HM 2022, frame 17 of lecture 2) is accent mark on human relations where the goal of the manager is maintaining human relations.Shaheen lodge in the office can be considered probationary for it takes from three to cardinal months before an employee becomes regular. Assuming Shaheen is already a regular staffer, the more that she should be retained and given the chance to improve herself. In this case, Andre may narrow down a veteran worker or her supervisor as her office mentor. Shaneen needs the guidance of a facilitator and coordinator who understands her first and second willing to help her until she may be six months in office. In this way, if she would not improve, Andre have the reason to look for her replacement or put her in a job that does not require her to be at 8 a.m.. Of she may be given flexible time schedule to suit her work at home.The manager should understand the situation of Shaneen from the poiont of view of a parent. The manager should try to wear the shoes of Shaheen to undertanding extensively the situation Shaheen is in.As mentor, Andre should inspire Shaheen to work better and improve in her work. Andre should have the capacity and the pains to work with a worker like Shaneen For sooner, Shaheen may improve for she has the potential to be an effective worker.

Mahabalipuram

Mahabalipuram is an enigmatic town popular for its rock-cut temples and monuments. It is excessively known as Mammalapuram and was one of the approximately flourishing port towns during the diachronic rule of the Pallava Dynasty. Till date one can clearly opinion its historic charm and grandeur through the rich legacy that lies in its stone sculptures and temples. There are many tourist attractions in Mahabalipuram most of which are historic and dedicated mostly to the Hindu gods and goddesses. Mahabalipuram made meaning(a) development under the rule of the Pallavas in the 7th century.The city is tell to have derived its name after the Pallava king Mamalla and in the ancient generation it was famous as Mamallapuram. It was after the downfall of the Guptas that Pallavas came to prominence and exercised full mold over this town. They were very powerful and very astute in their perspective. The flourishing Age of the rule of the Pallavas was from 650 AD to 750 AD. Many great po ets, dramatists, artists, artisans, scholars and saints emerged during this period. Mahabalipurm is also referred to as the open air museum due to the presence of so many architectural marvels.During the rules of Narsimha Varman I (AD 630-668) and Narsimha Varman II (AD 700-728), most of the temples and rock carvings of this plate were built. Although the first kings of Pallava dynasty followed Jainism, the changeover of Mahendra Varman (AD 600-630) to Shaivism resulted in majority of the monuments to be related with Shiva or Vishnu. Mahabalipuram experiences a hot and sweltering climate all year round with a maximum temperature of 35C and minimum temperature of 19C.A prompt to Mahabalipuram can best be enjoyed from October to March however the monsoons should be avoided. Mahabalipuram is non just about the temples and architecture but it is also about the infixed beauty of the surroundings. The long stretch of the beaches dotted with palm-groves is ideal to spend a few moments away from the usual cacophony of the city. A visit to this place is also an educative experience, showing visitors the great architectural achievements of the ancient artisans of India.

Everest Simulation Summary

I volunteered to be an observer for the Everest Simulation, and I learned a lot by spy participants Interact with angio xsin converting enzyme a nonher. As I walked around sever exclusivelyy conclave, I quickly realised that I wasnt deprivation to learn as much about the color by observing distributively group I had to focus on one group and observe their work. As a result, I seted one group and learned umpteen Important management skills, such as leadership, planning and controlling, reach team and Individual goals, and confabulation.The students were placed into teams of flee phalluss who had only receiptn each there for approximately six weeks. In standard businesses, teams may know each other for months, years, or possibly decades. What made this simulation rugged is that students had five hours to collaborate, analyze their roles and responsibilities, and communicate while some businesses take months or years to get their teams in synch. I was beyond impressed with what I observed.Aside from learning the responsibilities and goals of the leader, photographer, environmentalist, marathoner, and physician, I learned more Important lessons that apply to all successful organizations. First of all, communication is delineate. If only one or cardinal members speak up, groups assume everyone Is In agreement. Everybody must speak up this subject matter each member must keep back honest and direct conversations, choose questions, acknowledge errors, and offer ideas.Additionally, listening is just as important as communication skills. Next, because trust is the foundation to a successful company, and these groups did not call for the time some successful companies have to build trust, I realized that trust can be created quickly by successfully doing the pursuit things staying true to your commitments being ones being authentic being clear and short when communicating (especially when you only have three hours to complete a project) credi ting others and of course, listening.There ar other ways to build trust, but these were the common takeaways from observing the groups that were the most successful with the simulation. Developing and maintaining trust Is critical to successful businesses, and the team I focused on was successful because they had confidence In each member of the team. Even though each climber has to monitor his or her health, watch the weather, ND choose travel speed, they must avoid getting an malady such as frostbite, injuries, or an illness.Even though each member has unmarried goals, the team goals must be met to accumulate as many points as possible. The team I observed realized that each members goals dont always combine with the rest of the team. This can cause challenges, arguments, and eventually reduce the points they already earned. This taught me that one members goals and being competitive Is not the way to have a successful team or create a final product. Another key characteristic I observed was that each member must shell out all Information.If a teammate kept Information to themselves, It hurt the team as a whole, which ties Into communication, climate of trust, and ultimately team effectiveness. Important task. being that he or she could earn the most amount of points, the leader sedately listened to each members ideas and reasoning before making a decision without criticizing, weft apart, or finding fault in ones idea. Instead, he or she listened to each member, made him or her feel like they were contributing to the group, and ultimately brought up the morale of the team.After listening to all ideas, she made the decision whether or not to move to the next camp. It was interesting for me to see that although the leader made the decision, the group felt pleased with the decision because they were all heard. Successful leaders have visions, missions, and goals, but most importantly, make the team feel like a legitimate team. There were other groups I o bserved that disagreed about many decisions, mainly because members were not being heard, and two or three citizenry were making most of the decisions. Its important that all team members are heard.The simulation is a great experience for students and employees. There were at least ten lessons learned in Just three hours, and each student enjoyed the experience. It taught me that communication and diversity are integral to groups and the workforce. If everybody had the same opinion, we would not be challenged. to each one member brought unique strengths, comments, questions, and concerns to the group, and most importantly, they communicated effectively. I must say, being that I am not a fan of cold weather, this was the best plenty Everest climb I have ever experienced.

John Fante Ask the Dust

In the invigorated Ask the Dust by John Faint, the promenade character, Arturo circle, lacks the ability to have a trus cardinalrthy and sincere Identity. He traveled to California In hopes of congruous a successful writer. Rotators journey to plow a successful white Ameri hobo male fuels his hypocritical and contradicting lifestyle. His resettlement to California influenced his self attitude, racial viewpoints, and perspective towards love. Arturo has a very strange relationship with women, whether It be Vera, Camilla, or a random women on the streets.Arturo develops an attachment towards Camilla, a Mexican-American women who he finds faintly attractive, With a Amman nose, flat with deep nostrils. Her lips were heavily rouged, with the thickness of a Negroes lips. She was a racial type, and as such(prenominal) she was soften-looking, only when she was too strange for me (Faint 34). Arturo starts off saying how lovely she is solely w here(predicate)fore contradicts him self by saying she is too strange. One minute Arturo is expert with Camilla and the next his Is cursing her off under his breath. Foe c each(prenominal) me beautiful at home, then you ar ashamed to be seen with me In public. You are ashamed of bang you recognize hat no one else does. You are ashamed to love me (Faint) Camilla recognizes that Arturo is unaware of how he feels and she confronts him about it. He hates the popular opinion of lust that she gives him so he runs to church to cleanse himself. Arturo is incapability of having true feelings towards a women stems from the fact that he is unsure of what love is. By the all desire that had non come a while before T pounded my skull and tingled my fingers. I threw myself on the bed and tore the pillow. (Faint) Arturo can non control the way he feels and due to that he becomes hypocritical and insertion to love. She was forcing it with her scorn, the kiss she gave me, the hard curl of her lips, the mockery of her eyes, un til I was desire a man do of wood and there was no feeling at bottom me except terror and a fear of her, a sense that her beauty was too more, that she was so much more beautiful than l, deeper rooted than l.She made me a stranger unto myself, she was all of those calm nights and tall eucalyptus trees, the recant stars, that land and sky, that fog outside, and I had come there with no mean save to be a mere writer, to get funds, to make a name for yeses and all that piffle. She was so much finer than l, so much more honest, that I was sick of myself and I could not look at her warm eyes, I suppressed the shiver brought on by her brownish arms around my neck and the long fingers In my hair. I did not kiss her. She kissed me, author of The Little Dog Laughed. Then she took my wrist with her two hands.She pressed her lips Into the palm of my hand. She placed my hand upon her bosom between her breasts. She turned her lips towards my face and waited. And Arturo Banding, the grea t author dipped deep into his colorful imagination, sentimentalist Arturo Banding, solely chock-full of clever phrases, and he said, weakly, kittenishly, Hello. (Faint) Throughout the whole novel Arturo talks to himself and contradicts all of the feelings he has towards love or Camilla and also towards himself. sadly due to Rotators lack of understand meet he ruins any social function he could Arturo Banding thinks very highly of himself.Arturo likes to put on performances to show that he is better than everyone else. He is very arrogant with his performances and proclamations. Arturo volition walk around with copies of his publish story The Little Dog Laughed. He goes around thinking that he is a well known writer and everyone should worship him like he worships his editor Hackett. Arturo can not seem to find himself and who he real is until the end of the novel. When Arturo gets money his whole attitude and performance changes, he acts like a rich white American male.He sta rts to walk around with his headword held high and Just throwing money away like it is no freehand deal. Arturo wanted an expensive beer and he orders one from Camilla. Camilla says its expensive, forty cents (Faint, 61) and she seems to have restore for him. She knows that he doesnt make a lot of money and if he does it is Just a lucky check from Hackett. He blows right through the money and Camilla thus fars warns him saying he should not spend his money like that after buying the two bartenders forty cent beers.He seems to not ever weigh in a god or religion just he will go and write a letter to his mother heavy her to pray for him and that he is praying for her. Remember me to Him and give all and shiniest in the skies (Faint 104) Arturo sends in the letter to his mother and we know that this is not the way Arturo acts. Arturo strives to be conflict he is not, a famous rich writer that everyone knows. Sadly that will not happen for him due to his hypocritical attitudes a nd unsure attitude towards himself.Deep low we can tell that he is not satisfied with his life and contradicts everything he says. Arturo bashes on anyone who is not full blooded American, like Camilla. Arturo is not make up a full blooded American, he is Italian. Arturo enters the hotel he wants to live at and the lady at the desk is also very racist and makes sure that he is neither a Mexican or a Jew. Not even Just Arturo has his racial Judgments, everyone in the own does. A cop wont pickaxe you up for vagrancy in Los Angels if you run a fancy polo shirt and a pair of sunglasses.But if there is dust on your shoes and that sweater you wear is thick like the sweaters they wear in the snow countries, hell grab you. So get yourself a polo shirt boys, and a pair of sunglasses, and white shoes, if you can is advise Arturo is giving anybody who is not of American decent. When he was younger he was called a spice and greaser and did not like it, but then he goes and calls Camilla the same thing. And Camilla, when I said greaser to you, it was to my heart that spoke, but the quivering of an old wound. And I am ashamed of the terrible thing I have done. (Faint 7) Deep down Arturo knows that what he had said was awful and he should not have said that because he has true feelings for her even though she is Mexican. When I was a kid, back in Colorado, it was Smith, Parker and Jones who shock me with their outrageous names. Who called me whop and Dagon and greaser, and their children hurt me. Just as I hurt you. They hurt me so much, I could never become one of them. Drove me to books, host me within myself. Drove me to UN away from that town in Colorado, into your home and into your life.And sometimes, when I see their faces out here, the same faces, the same sad, hard mouths from my hometown. Im glad theyre here fulfilling the emptiness of their lives and dying in the sun. And they hate me, and my father and my fathers father. Times. Arturo loves being America n and would not want to be anything else. He soon understands that Camilla wants to be American Just as much as he wants to be a famous writer. What he did was contradict himself by calling Camilla all those dreadful names he was called when he was younger.Hypocrisy and contradiction plays a huge habit in Arturo Bandings life and attitude towards whether it be towards love, himself, or other races. He struggles to realize that his actions are hurting him and the others around him. His desire to be a writer fueled his energy to become negative towards most of his peers. any he really wanted was to get famous and become rich, but he found out the true meanings of life and what is more important. Rotators dreams of becoming a rich and famous writer in California did not fully come true. He found what love is, who he really is, and how it feels to not be American.

Elements of leadership development and it’s importance

A leader is not born in a single day, neither is he found in your neighbors house. The Leader is in you. Like every living social function privations food for growth so do the leading qualities need some nourishment to develop. For its development we need to work on any the of the essence(predicate) elements that are required to become a great leader. This opening applies not only to an individual but to an governing too. After all it is the individual who constitutes the organization therefore the principles which we apply to build success in our lives hatful be used, to get success in an organization too.To uprise off, we moldiness first and foremost deal with Personal Empowerment. Every adult male being, every society, every group or organization is not tolerant from faults and mistakes. Weakness is found in every unrivalled. Now, what matters the most is overcoming those, by making sort out practices and adopting good habits, along with good choices.The more you meet, the more you realize how such(prenominal) you do not know-the less you know, the more you think you know-David T. Freeman. an opposite(prenominal) factor which would empower us in true sense, which is necessary for leadership, is fellowship. If you dont know a vital piece of information, indeed find it out. Ask, get the facts, you need to take smart decisions. Knowledge gives you power. Ignorance puts you at the mercy of others. Another important lesson to be learnt in this segment called individual(prenominal) empowerment is learning to say a yes to opportunities. Every individual and organization needs to get out of their cocoon and experience everything that gets into their way in a bold manner.Moving on to our second element -Control. cultivation To reign is necessary for developing leaders skills. Self-control (a form of control) is vital, wizard must know that he has control over his own leadership skills and can develop them. Same can be applied to an organizati on, it has control over its own actions, on performing the right set of actions, and one can achieve a lot.About Control- leading growing Leader Robin Sharma says-When things get difficult its more important than to pursue excellence, is to focus on things that you can control. Take control of things that you can do and execute them brilliantly. Then go home and let it go. So, when you are in charge of a group you must similarly know how much of control is healthy for a group too. If one tries to get control on all the activities, then he might be regarded as a bad Leader. Control must never be in excess amounts so as to frustrate.Freedom- one might wonder, as to, what granting immunity has to do with leadership. Soon our doubts would be cleared. A book called Leadership Development in Balance has to say that-I believe those leaders who find ways to create broader amounts of freedom rooted in assertion fuddle more sustainable success over time. Of course, to provide freedom, people must be willing and able to accept it and to use that freedom for the right means and ends. This shows how freedom is necessary to take an action and also to reach ones goals.But with freedom comes-Responsibility. A leader is responsible to perform his duties. A leader has to take accountability of his indebtedness. There whitethorn be a difference in the level of responsibility, but we have our own set of responsibilities which we have to attend to and address.This in turn must help us to develop ethics .The Center for Ethical Leadership suggests that-Core values are what motivate every individual and shared out core values are the foundation for agreements and co-operation among diverse people, says guileful Hughes, Director of curriculum development for The Center. Ethics are vital for leadership because, these values create an impression on other people primarily. The other elements do create an impression but it is ethics which is most visible.Hence, we have discusse d the importance and necessity of each of the elements i.e. personal empowerment, freedom, ethics, control and social responsibility for leadership development.REFERENCEOn personal empowerment http//www.getrichslowly.org/blog/2007/06/16/developing-self-reliance-personal-empowerment Quote of Freeman http//www.mind-trek.com/ On Ethics http//humanresources.about.com/od/leadership/leadership_development.htm http//www.leader-values.com/ fill/detail.asp?ContentDetailID=33 http//www.impactfactory.com/p/leadership_ethics_skills_training_development/friends_1547-11105-65192.html On control

Case Study of IPD Company

Basing on the Information provided In the case material and refers to our class learning, the causes of the in effectiveness of the public presentation approximation programme which installed in the volunteer gild ar as follows Goal misalignment with companys general goal Whenever appropriate, employees cognitive process goals should be ensured aligning booby organizations what an organization exists for, things that an organization and Its employees overturn Important and desirable, courses of action to achieve organizations overall goals. Aligning employee feat goals is known as the Strategic Role of feat judgement.In this case, we can see that the company had enjoyed good profitability by emphasizing excellent service part before the mathematical operation appraisal program was Installed, three major divisions which of Front maculation Is prudent for(p) for communicate with both external clients and Internal co-workers, the first stage of heir working filament and also the door of business of the company W arhousing department responsible for inventory control, this is the second stage of the working chain to ensure the warehouse has sufficient inventory pitch shot department responsible for transporting the products to retail for selling, this is the triad stage of the working chain which provide sufficient supply for frontline sales. lift to their job description, the weight of mission, values and strategies of the compress Company somehow is draw close to provide services to clients and emphasis on laity except total thus meet with overalls goal rather than others.After the new program has launched, it was non exercise properly the strategic role of motion appraisal and learnt the lesson In the hard way because the program approach to measuring what employees produce scarcely how employees do their Job, It focus on quantity rather than overall quality and corporate communication. For example, front office staffs performance strided by outcome of redacts taken per person per week but no approach to monetary standard the service and communication quality warehousing Taft measured by issuing of cases of product handled per man-hour and term required to load from each one truck but no mention of communication and occupational safety standard as for truck driver, performance is measured by the length of time to criterion.A performance management corpse would be only effective when the employees in BID Company are clear about their duties and Job standards and match with the organizational goals so that they work with their full potential to meet organizational objectives. all misalignment would seriously undermine the performance of an organization 2. Discuss how to improve the Companys performance planning and propose a set of performance paygrade criteria that you consider appropriate for the Companys three major department. A major challenge for The BID Company is to have employees who are pas sionate about what they do and endlessly strives to perform at their best. The aim of which is to ensure that the employees performance is supporting the strategic aims.The consensus of most existing research on appraisal systems is that to be effective, the appraisal process must be considered fair and accurate by those having their theatrical role evaluated, set in establishing performance goals should accordance to employees duties and responsibilities, as for appropriate performance evaluation criteria that Vive propose for the companys three major department are as follows Front office Since office staff is responsible for receiving and processing orders, it involves hollo services agency to both internal and external parties so that surround service performance at front office should be including measure both behavior and resolving 1 . Telephone service manner as rated periodical by supervisor should 4 or supra on a 5-point Liker Scale. 2. Incoming calls answered within three rings in a month should be 90% or higher. 3.Customer satisfaction monthly rating on telephone service should be 4 or above on a 5-point Liker Scale. 4. Number of customer complaints per month on telephone service should be 3 or lower. Warehousing department Warehouse staff responsible for receiving, storing and loading computer products on trucks, the evaluation criteria should be focused on result and behavior 1 . conference with front office as rated monthly by supervisor should 4 or above on a 5-point Liker Scale. . Receiving and storing computer products which from front office should be finished within a day. 3. Time to load each truck per month should be average 30 minutes or lower. 4. Number of warehouse accidents per month should be lower than 1.Delivery department Delivery department responsible for transporting the computer products to retail outlets, it involves time management and crusade safety and so that the evaluation criteria should be focused on result 1 . Delivery products to retail in a month should time needs for delivery in each route. 2. Products must be ascorbic acid% in good condition whether received from warehousing department and/or delivered to retail. 3. Recommend what other actions the Company should take to make the performance appraisal program become a big success. Performance appraisal is a system where not every employee in the company may wish well but every employee should be treated as the same because they are a huge part of a company in order for the company to become successful.Thus, a few suggestions are recommended for the appraisal system in BID Company, to be offend serving as an effective efficient system. One of the things on is to offer proper training to each line supervisors. Through raining, supervisors may then rank the employees with correct Judgment. This entrust mean that there is no sign of them using progressive discipline. In simpler term, no bias error provide occur. Secondly, positive f eedback on performance related to goals shall be conducted, as this will gives the worker a intellect of achievement, recognition and accomplishment, in which the company might miss it. Thirdly, BID Company needs to incorporate multiple sources of information from peers, subordinates, customers, and employee self-evaluations.The company will privation to conduct additional research on how these types of measures can be faithfully ND validly developed and integrated into the appraisal process. This helps reducing taste error by increasing the number of observations and reduces the effect of possible biases. This way, the supervisors and managers will feel more comfortable, since they are no longer solely responsible for what happens to the person as a result of the rating. Probably there are still many ways to be researched and then be conducted. However, I do think these three ways are as heavy as they will lead the performance appraisal to a better system in BID Company.

The Soviet Union and the United States

After WWII The Soviet labor union and the unify States had m each different political ideologies particularly communism and capitalism. capitalist economy is a belief that private property should be replaced by residential district ownership. Communism is opposed private ownership economies of the United States and its allies. Based on enumeration A, a document was first telegraphed to American officials in upper-case letter on February 22, 1946 and it happened after WWII. In Document A the United States make the idea of containment.Containment is the idea of the Soviet Union and Soviet communism should non be allowed to spread. One idea of containment was the Berlin Airlift and the Berlin Blockade. The Berlin airlift went from June twenty-seventh 1948 to may 12th, 1949(Document B). Between these two dates Stalin and The Soviet Union decided to stop either shipments including food coming into West Berlin. What happened to West Berlin was that they were completely surrounded b y communism and may have to surrender if it not been for the US and it allies.Then a year after on May 12th,1949 Stalin stopped the blockade ( Document B). This is a good consequence of containment because it shows that Stalin failed with the blockade because he caused the West Berliners to drop out and give up all they and had and turn to Communism. Another idea of containment was the United States answers to the Korean War. The war started on June 25th 1950 and ended on July 27th 1953( Doc C). What happened was the on June 25th, 1950 North Korea first invades South Korea ( Document C).North Korea was back up by Harry Truman and the Soviets and attacked South Korea which was supported by General Douglas MacArthur and jock of the United Nations The war had caused 50,000 American death and 2 million of others. chinaware decided to help North Korea because they lacked the logistical support to supply any further pressure to the south ( Document C). The Korean War shows Containmen t by keeping North Korea contained and communism did not work to spread. The last demonstration of containment was the Cuban Missile Crisis.On January 1959 the country Cuba becomes communist under a clapperclaw named Fidel Castro. Three years after that on May 1962 the soviets secretly undertake the shipping of 40,000 troops, 60 missiles and 158 nuclear warheads to Cuba. ( Document D). In response to this the Unites States announce a separation against ships carrying offensive weapons to Cuba. Then in April 1963 in a quiet agreement with the soviets United States removes the missiles from Turkey. This shows containment by the Cubans failing to use the soviets missiles against the US.

Discuss the Role of Benjamin and the Sheep in Animal Farm

Discuss the utilization of benjamin and the Sheep. In the novel Animal Farm written by George Orwell few(prenominal) gum benjamin the donkey and the sheep atomic number 18 introduced on scalawag deuce, asa dulcis was the oldest zoology on the nurture, and the whip tempered and the sheep and cows land down tin can the pigs. This is the first introduction of the animals on the promote and it immediately gives the ratifier an submiting some how grand they will be in the novel as the sheep cave in non even been described all the commentator grapples is where they rate and gives the reader an idea on their status comp ard to the opposite animals. gum benzoins adjoining appearance is on page eighteen when he expresses his placement towards the revolt, roughly the disintegration and its results he would express no opinion. This ordinates the hearing that benzoin is a ruffianly tempered fictional character only non this it hints to the reader that he has a pessimistic attitude towards manner. gum benjamin is truly serious in terms of his opinions towards the lawlessness as he champions to foreshadow the rebellion reverting backward as donkeys live a long clock time. This tells the reader that he has disclosen it all happen before and that nothing every remain right for long.Despite asa dulcis being a worthless character, he becalm fought in the batter of the cowshed, Snowball now launched his second derivation of attack. Muriel, Benjamin and all the sheep. This shows how Benjamin just does what he is told, and that he isnt an argumentative character this could be because of his cynic attitude as he knows everything is departure to go wrong anyway because donkeys live a long time. This processs the audience to question whether or not the rebellion will be successful or not as Benjamin is always used to help lower the optimism of the animals throughout the book.Benjamin and the sheep show a good contrast as they be b oth very similar in the ways that they be controlled and ordered. However the sheep do not have the friendship which Benjamin knows as they have not seen things come and go. The sheep are in the corresponding field of operation of attack as Benjamin and I think this shows that the animals in this line of attack are very similar. This infers to the reader that if the rebellion was to revert backwards they would all be equally powerless and consentless.Benjamins cynic attitude is maintained throughout the novel and is once more(prenominal) shown to be a miser subject character, only old Benjamin refused to grow enthusiastic about the windmill, though as usual, he would utter nothing beyond a orphic remark that donkeys live a long time. This was said on page forty three and it reminds the reader about the possibility of the windmill deprivation wrong and this is playing a big image in the prefiguring of the windmill failing to be built successfully as he has seen many thin gs go wrong in his flavortime.Even thought Benjamin is the worst tempered animal on the farm he still shows a lot of affection towards Boxer, without openly admitting it, he was devoted to Boxer. This was said in his character description on page two and it helps to show Benjamin as a human and it makes the audience think about him in society and the impact that he has. By looking at him kindred this we are able to start to understand the lack of power these animals have compared to the other human beings in society.This plays a huge role in our understanding of status and higherarky to the highest degree the farm as we are able to interpret the farm animals as human beings. Benjamin is character that does not like to swallow involve because he knows something is always going to go wrong, Clover asked Benjamin to read her the sixth commandment, and when Benjamin, as usual, said that he refused to meddle in such matters. This was said on page fifty-six and it shows Benjamins p essimistic attitude as he does not want to channel any interest into what is going on around him as he knows what is eventually going to happen through his life experiences.Benjamin can sometimes come across as a self-complacent character due to his association and this helps to reinforce to the reader that things are not going to choke out on the farm, slowly, and with an air almost of amusement, Benjamin nodded his long muzzle. The word amusement portrays Benjamin to be smug at this moment in the book because he knew that the windmill was going to go wrong. This makes the audience think that every cynical statement that Benjamin says it likely to be true making his function very important as it helps the reader to understand what is going to happen in the following chapters.Benjamin is in any case seen again on page sixty-eight and we know again that something is going to go wrong again, except old Benjamin, who nodded his muzzle with a knowing air, and seemed to understand, but would say nothing. The reader is now starting to see a trend in Benjamins senses, with an air almost of amusement and with a knowing air (page 68) these very similar sentences tell the reader that Benjamin could see all of this happening and that he knew everything was going to go wrong. The role of Benjamin is to help prefigure what is going o happen, so when he urges boxer to slow down on page sixty-nine, Benjamin urged Boxer to work less hard the reader knows refined away that Boxer is going to line up seriously hurt. This is very ignominious for the reader because his death is prefigured on page five, Boxer, the very day that those dandy muscles of yours lose their power, Jones will sell you to the knacker. This shows how close Benjamin and Boxer are but also prefigures the death of Boxer which is done using the knowledge which boxer has retained from his long life.Benjamin has a family like relationship with Boxer, Benjamin, who lay down at Boxers side, and, without speaking, kept the flies attain him with his long tail. On page seventy-five audience see Benjamin showing his compassion towards Boxer and it helps use see Benjamin as a real person and this plays a big role in how we feel when we read on as when Boxer does position interpreted away to the knackers we see Benjamin and Boxer as people and it makes it more distressing and more heart breaking for the reader. After Boxers death Benjamin becomes more miserable and quiet and his attitude departs worse, more morose and taciturn than ever. (page 80) Suddenly Benjamin has become even more cynical maybe because life has got worse than he expected. Benjamins role in the novel is to now express the lack of hope in that location is on the farm especially as Boxer was symbolical of hope and now all hope has gone Benjamin is there to symbolise that to the audience so they are able to understand how knotty things are getting on the farm. Benjamin plays a big role on page eighty- quadruple w hen he reads out the last bemused commandment for Clover, for once Benjamin consented to break his rule and he read out to her what was written on the wall. This is very striking because Benjamin knew that some animals are more equal than others all along and it is very disturb for the reader as all hope is lost for the animals and all the animals know that now through the breaking and changing of the commandments. The sheep are used to hackle other farm animals so that it is impossible for any opinions to be raised. The sheep are often heard when Squealer is talking to the other farm animals about changes which have take inn place on the farm, of late the sheep had taken to kvetching four legs good, two legs bad both in and out of season.The sheep are very easily manipulated because of their lack of intelligence and snooze was keep to take advantage of this to use it in his favour so Snowball would get interrupted during his speeches, especially liable to break into four legs good, two legs bad at the crucial moments in Snowballs speeches. This was due to snooze training them like he did with the dogs. The role of the sheep is to interrupt Snowball so that short sleep is able to get his own way. The sheep have little knowledge and power on the farm which is why they are the animals to be manipulated to work in Napoleons favour.On Pages twenty-nine, thirty-two, thirty-four and forty the sheep either interrupt Snowball whilst he is talking, occasionally interrupted by bleating from the sheep or they are heard to veto any give-and-take developing so that Napoleon is able to get his way, tremendous bleating of four legs good, two legs bad which went on for nearly a quarter of an hour which out an end to any chance of discussion. The sheep are used to stop the farm animals from asking any questions which could possibly cause the rebellion to progress this allows Napoleon to take charge and to take what the animals work for without questions.The sheep ar e also potentially used to scare the other farm animals, because the sheep are very easily manipulated it is quite possible that Napoleon had forced them to confess to a crime which that had committed, then a sheep confessed to having urinated in the drinking pool urged to do this, so she said (page 53). More sheep go along to confess to various crimes and their role is to sacrifice themselves so that the other farm animals would be too scared to stir up a rebellion against Napoleon.The sheep are seen again on page fifty-six supporting out the same role of heckling so that the other animals do not get a chance to protest, some of the animals might possibly have protested, but at this moment the sheep set up with their usual bleating of four legs good, two legs bad. This ensured that Napoleons decision of the abolishment of Beats of England did not get argued against as the moment which they could have possibly said anything had already passed.This role which the sheep begin is v ery important in terms of the rebellion reverting backwards as if they didnt interrupt the positive ideas the Snowball came up with they could be living better lives. Not only this but if they didnt bleat out four legs good, two legs bad after Napoleon makes a change the animals may have been able to rebel to Napoleons ideas resulting in a better life for the farm animals. The sheep are very easily manipulated and when they get taken away by squealer on page eighty-three we know something bad is going to happen, squealer ordered the sheep to follow him.We know something bad is going to happen as Napoleon did the same thing with the young puppies from Jessie and Bluebell. The sheep had been taken to convince the other farm animals that walking on two legs was good, four legs good, two legs better. This shows how the pigs are better than the farm animals as they are now walking on their hind legs. The sheep repeat this so much that the animals do not get a chance to protest, it went o n for five minutes without stopping. And by the time the sheep had quieted down, the chance to utter any protest had passed. This is the sheeps main role so that the pigs are able to do what they want without the other animals protesting allowing the rebellion to revert further and further backwards. Overall, the main role of Benjamin is to prefigure the failure of the rebellion through his pessimistic attitude and through his life experiences as donkeys live a long time. And the sheep are used to help manipulated the animals into thinking that what the pigs are doing is a good thing but also to prevent them from protesting so that the pigs are able to maintain their power and carry on doing what they want like a dictator would.

Business arena Essay

Recent years hit demonstrated that a lack of unity exists deep down the handicraft arena compared to the synergistic methods in which trade unions execute their policies. This must be considered an other of the drawbacks of the existence of occupy groups. This has resulted in costly political campaigning for Australian businesses (Bell, 0000). The number of organisations that try on to reconcile their bear ons at the political level has become much(prenominal)(prenominal) a complex and tangled web that it is practically un remunerative for to do business in such a scene (Matthews).Such action often bring great expense and yet offer little authorized guarantee of success (C placeskorais, 0000, p. 80). Such organisations in Australia as the Minerals Council of Australia (which represents the particular industry) and surfboarders Paradise Chamber of Commerce (which represents regional membership) exist for the profitable purpose of (among other things) promoting competition am ong businesses and the consequent im overhearment of policies (Matthews, 0000, 75) Despite the bear benefits that beguile groups can provide, some drawbacks do exist when one considers their have-to doe with on the government of a country.It is usually necessary to be wide-awake that genuine disport groups do not become too tendinous and end up coercing government to adversely affect constitution changes (Apollonio & Bero, 2007). The both Australian interest groups previously mentioned are cases in point, as they represent very powerful organizations that have at least a round potential to urge the implementation of any of the policies they devise. Care must be taken that the policies they advocate really do consider the interest of the public. unrivalled major reason why such care must be taken is the fact that these interest groups are never guaranteed to possess paleness in their actions. Because they take a particular stand on an issue, their interest is likely to e xclude the interest of several others who have opposing views. Furthermore, interest groups have the general privilege of making donations to political parties. This is a lobbying proficiency that has been around for decades, but may give a political acuity to such groups that have the greatest means of funding such campaigns (2007). slightly interest groups have outsider status, and this means that they attempt to influence policy by altering public opinion (Evans, year. p. 84). Such groups may prove both beneficial and detrimental to the politics of a country. The detriment comes where such groups falsify or misrepresent information to the public in revisal to convince them (and their political candidates) to act in the behalf of the group. One group which has historically been seen in this light is the tobacco industry-front group. According to researchers Appollonio & Bero, The tobacco industry has a history of misrepresenting scientific evidence (2007, p.419).The researchers go on to point out that the industry has created what seems to be an unaffiliated interest group which presents its antiregulation agenda as an expression of popular will, and allowed industry lobbyists coming to policymakers who were otherwise unwilling to exploit with them (2007, p. 419). This presents a very unfavourable view of political interest groups. However, lordly effects of this attempt to influence the public may occur in the form of debates between/among opposing groups, through which the public becomes more aware about the policies being advocated by each.Furthermore, since each group represents a sociable movement made up of masses who share values and see eye to eye on certain matters of concern, these groups provide a forum or network of communication that has the potential to provide a serial of checks and balances amongst themselves and within the government (Marsh, 2000). Overall, the action groups that exist within Australia to lobby for the interests of the people have a predominantly positive impact on the Australian society.Such organizations as the Boys Club, Gay rights, and animal chemise groups offer protection and a voice for these minorities in the decision-making sectors of the government. Such groups too speak for such issues as gun control, military disarmament, and the protection of the environment. These interest groups possess the expertise and the experience to speak persuasively in the behalf of their interests, and to a fault have the ability to aid in the execution of policies once they have been adopted by the political bodies.The media has the positive effect of promoting the accountability of the government, and of other businesses that my have formed ties with members of the government. However, the highly structured and powerful nature of certain interest groups, while they have the power to get things done within the government, also have the power to wrongly influence the government on their behalf. It is therefore necessary to take care in the freedom with which such groups are allowed to act. References van Acker, E. & Curran, G. (eds. ) 2004, Governing Business and Globalisation, (2nd edn. ) Pearson, frenchs Forest. Ang, J & C. Boyer.2007, Finance and politics the wealth effects of exceptional interest group influence during the nationalization and privatisation of Conrail. Cambridge Journal of Economics. vol. 31, no. 2, pp 193-216. Apollonio, D. E. & L. A. Bero. 2007, Finance and politics the wealth effects of special interest group influence during the nationalisation and privatisation of Conrail. American Journal of everyday Health. vol. 97, no 3, pp 419-428. BCA. (2007). Our Structure. Business Council of Australia. Melbourne, VIC. Retrieved on May 8, 2007 from http//www. bca. com. au/Content. aspx? ContentID=100827 Hague, R. M. Harrop, S. Breslin.1994, Political erudition A Comparative Introduction. St. Martin Press, New York. Gray, V. & D. Lowery. 2000, Population Ec ology of Interest office Lobbying Communities in the American States. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. Greenemeier, L & J. N. Hoover. 2007, Advocacy, Inc. InformationWeek. no. 1121, pp 38-46. Hollander, R. Name of Chapter or Essay. (2006). Eccleston, R, Williams, P. & Hollander, R. (Eds. ). Foundations of Australian Politics. Pearson Education, Sydney. Marsh, I. 2000, Gaps in Policy-making capacities interest groups, social movements, think tanks and the media. in M. Keating, J.Wanna & P. Weller (eds. ) Institutions on the Edge Capacity for Governance. Allen & Unwin, St Leonards. Parkin, A, Summers, J. & Woodward, D. (eds. ) 2006, Government, Politics, Power and Policy in Australia, (eighth ed. ) Pearson, Frenchs Forest. Chapter 17. Singleton, G et al. 2006, Interest Groups in Australian Political Institutions. 8th edn. Pearson, Frenchs Forest.. Ward, I. & R. G. Stewart. 2006, Ch. 12, Pressure Groups and Social Movements in Politics One, tertiary edn. , Palgrave. Macmi llan, South Yarra. Weitzel, P. 2004, Joining with non-media organization can help win access battle. The Quill. vol. 92, no 7, pp 20-21.

A Comparison between British and Indian Political Party Systems Essay

It is a primordial truth that break offy system has now bend an inseparable part of the semi semi governmental tradition of any coun filter. exactly due to the differences in perception, measures, outlook, beliefs, culture, policy-making society system varies from country to country. Thus, some countries argon dominated by a single ships company, some others redeem developed a nonpartisan system, simply still others have evolved a multi-party one.Of course a comparison amongst India and Britain will make the issue crystal clear. India had been under the British rein in of nearly two centuries and, hence, it was legitimately expected that they would have some prefatory similarities in political system and structure. simply, as a matter of fact, their political system has engendered queer dissimilarities in practical politics. First, British tradition has taught the politicians the value of tolerance and cooperation. So the electric resistance agrees that the preside ncy, due to its majority support, designs the nation and the political science, in its turn, contract that the Opposition has the inherent right to criticize it. This inter-play between the politics and the Opposition is the life-blood of the British politics. If the Opposition constantly obstructed and the politics consistently voted it down, the dictatorship of the majority would currently be established (Jennings, 88). In this sense, he writes that the Opposition is an native part of the political system. Sir William Harcourt had, however, pointed out that The function of the Opposition is to oppose the Government (p. 78).But Sir Jennings has aptly shown the folly of such(prenominal) contention. fit in to him, the real function of the resistance is to oppose the wrong policy of the Government and to support its beneficial actions. This is why practically the acme Minister and the resistor leader meet together and discuss the matters of public importance. They even try to formulate common policy and draft the Bills on the basis of an system. In this connection, Sir Jennings observes, Many proposals of the Government argon not opposed, because there is general agreement (p. 89).During two World Wars, two major parties sunk their differences and worked together through with(predicate) the War-Cabinet. Even during the peace time, they come nearer in give to engagement out issue crisis. Thus, when in 1931, the Labor eyeshade Minister, Mr. Ramsay MacDonald, intended to bring out due to a split in his party, the cabinet was saved by the Conservative Party which joined it in order to avert a constitutional crisis (Majumder, p. 375).This National Government functioned till 1936 without any internal crisis and it distinctly indicates that the political culture of Britain has taught the leadinghip to unite together during any national crisis. Sometimes, the point of view of two different political parties was opposite. But the Prime Minister allo wed the Conservative Ministers to express their own view. This is known as understanding to Differ. But political system in India is quite different. The Government hardly listens to the Opposition and the later, in its turn, is never friendly to it. While the spring depends upon it brute majority, the later is depended upon a policy of obstruction. The discussions in the Parliament, thus, ofttimes last a worse than a primary-school debate (Sikri, p. 184). The opposition leaders are sometimes arrested or ab utilize or humiliated in an indecent manner. In fact, politics of power in India has thrown the Government and the opposition to two hostile camps and nothing seems to be unjust in such tussle. For example, in 1999, the Central Government was ousted by one vote in an ugly manner.But the parties in the opposition which united together in order to topple the Cabinet, could not tie up for forming a brand-new one. Similarly, the Central Government of every political color has la vishly used Art 356 of the constitution with a view to dismissing the state governments formed by the opponents. Thus, between 1950 and 1996, such Presidents Rule was promulgated 93 times for political reasons (Source Lok-Sabha Secretariat, India). In this sense, it can be held that the central arm has been more abused than used. In other words, a constitutional, lacuna has often been exploited by the power mongers at the Center in order to let the opponents down.Secondly, the British political system has as well convinced the leaders to give more importance to public service than to party amour or personal gains. Thus, in 1923, Bonar Law, the Prime Minister, resigned on grounds of health. But in India, the leaders are more concerned with power they are prepared to retain or snatch it by means, foul or fair.If they can capture power, they try to stick to it till death or defeat. It is to be remembered that in 1834, Lord Melbourne, the British Prime Minister suffered a setback du e to a split in his party. He thence asked the King, William IV, whether or not he would remain in his office. Acting upon the proud advice, he actually stepped down. But in India, n both a Prime Minister nor a Chief Minister quits his office in this way. It too suggests that political system in India is quite different.Thirdly, Britain has a two-party system. However, Ogg admits that, besides the Conservative party and the Labor Party, there are also the Liberals (p. 552). But, in fact, the liberals faded out during the nineteen thirties. But, in India is a multi-party system. In 1991, 445 parties registered their names with the Election Commission. True that, at the beginning, the Congress dominated the political scene and, consequently G. Austin held that, The Congress was India and India was the Congress (p. 8).Truly, India had one-dominant party-system (Morris-Jones, p. 174). But gradually, versatile parties based on religion, region, localism, language, caste, creed and pers onal ambition came up in rapid progress. In fact, the diversities of population have now created a pluralistic society and this mushroom growth of political parties has affected Indian haleness in an alarming way (Rout, p. 200).Fourthly, it is true that on occasions, the British leaders handle Robert Peel, J. Chamberlain and W. Churchill defected from their party. But such defection was motivated by royal idealism and not by personal ambition and party integrity. But in India, defection has sprain a highly profitable business. in the midst of sue and April of 1969 as many as 550 legislators crossed the floor and as some of them did it on several occasions, the number of such defection last returned to more than one thousand. Some of them even changed their loyalties from times within a month. So Dr. Kashyap has rightly observed that such large-scale defection has often resulted in the ups and downs of the Cabinets (p. 6).Sixthly, while public involvement in the election in B ritain has made it a popular democracy, India is, in this respect, lagging far behind. In Britain, 80-90 percent multitude cast their votes, because they know that voting is the basis of substantiative democracy. But political system in India is pathetically otherwise. In 1984, the contri plainlyion of popular participation in election in India rose to 64, yet normally it remains below 62 and in 1962, it came down to 55 percent. Moreover, this percentage is based upon huge number of false votes. While British polls reflect honesty and purity of purpose, elections in India have become a costly furze. Capturing of booths, use of armed criminals and dacoits, manipulation in the voter-list, steal of ballot papers and so on have become essential parts of election (Kapur, p. 425).Seventhly, India has also failed to accept the idea of neutral speaker-ship which is an authorized aspect of British political tradition. He is, as near as a human being can be, impartial (Finer, p. 475). S o, as soon as he takes the chair, he cuts off all relationships with his party and acts as the non-partisan chairman of the kinsfolk of Commons. But, the speakers in India remain party-men and they often give their rulings in their political interests. So, Dr. Dash has rightly remarked, We have not been able to reach the standard of aloofness prevailing in this matter in England (Dash, p. 262).Last, but not the least, the British political system does not, by any means, admit corruption or turpitude on the part of Ministers or Leaders. besotted public view has always condemned such affairs and, on occasions, Mr. Profumo and Mr. Parkinson have to resign from the Cabinet. But in India, a person with nearly a dozen criminal charges can be and remain in the Cabinet. some strangely, even the people of the country do not bother overmuch with such ugly affairs.Party, Government and the PeopleIn modern times, the party system is an essential part of political life. However, in the dict atorial system, a particular political party monopolizes all political power, because it is essentially a one-party rule (Neumann, p. 244). But, in a democratic system like India and Britain, the government is formed by the people and it is keyed to public opinion. So, the political parties keep up a link between the government and the electorate. In fact, they keep the national life politically (Agarwal, p. 386). Democracy means the rule of the people and as they are guided by the political parties, political life veers around the party system. It is the electorate who determines the form of Government and chooses who guide and regulate its affairs (Garner, p. 495) But in realistic considerations, people hardly become unanimous there are conflicting ideas and interests. It happens, as in the reference of the slavery question in the United States or the Free-trade problem in England, that some paramount issues divide the community (Leacock, p. 313). Different political parties p attern the opinion of different groups and the elections are actually fought on the basis of such issues. But ultimately, the bi-party system is far better than the multi party system in linking up the government and the people. In a multi party structure, peoples votes are divided among different political parties, and thus, often popular opinion is hardly reflected in the formation of the government. Often coalition governments come up without the popular intention. But in a bi-party system, the people choose either of the two parties and, hence, the election brings out a better coordination between the party and the Government. From this analysis, it would perhaps be amply clear that at least in a democracy, political life is determined by the party system. Particularly, a bi-party system like that of England creates a close link between the people and the government.ReferencesAustin, G. The Indian Constitution, World Press, New Delhi, 1978, p. 8Agarwal, R.G. semipolitical Theor y, S. Chandra hold backs, Allahabad, 1996, p. 386Dash, S.C. The Constitution of India, upstart Books, Mumbai, 1984, p. 262Finer, H. Theory and Practice of Modern Government, Royal Press, New Delhi, 1976, p. 475Garner, J.W. Political cognizance and Government, World Press, New Delhi, 1991, p. 495Jennings, I. The Queens Government, Pelican Books, London, 1964, p. 88Jennings, I. ibid, pp. 88-89Kapur, A.C. The Indian Political System, New Press Hall, New Delhi, 11th ed. p. 425Kashyap, S.C. Politics of Defection, Old House Publishers, Chennai, 1979, p. 6Leacock, S. Elements of Political Science, Constable & Co. London, 1939, p. 313Majumder, B.B. Rise and Development of the English Constitution, Book Land, Calcutta,1968, p. 375Morris-Jones, W.H. Government and Politics in India, Prince Town Publications, Calcutta,1978, p. 172Ogg, A. English Government and Politics, The MacMillan Company, London, 1929, p. 552Rout, B.C. participatory Constitution of India, New Book Hall, New Delhi, 1979 , p. 200Sikri, S.L. Indian Government and Politics, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana, 1963, p. 184The Presidents Rule in the States and Union Territories, Lok Sabha Secretariat, Vol. 1,Issue 4, March 1993.